Perception of Health-Care Professionals on Presumed Consent in Formulation of Proper Organ Transplantation Regulatory System.

Background: Owing to the advancement in organ transplantation, treating an individual with organ failure in today's world has become possible. However, organ transplantation is lagging in the absence of adequate organ donations. Shortage of organs for transplantation is a challenge to developing countries like Nepal and developed countries like the USA and UK.

Increased sensitization to morphine-induced oral stereotypy in aged rats.

Sensitization develops to the stereotypic biting behavior that appears with the repeated administration of high dose morphine to rats. Because there is evidence that this behavior is dopamine-mediated and that there are age-related changes in dopamine systems, we compared the development and expression of morphine-induced biting behavior in aged (24 months) and young rats (5 months). Animals were treated with four sensitizing 10 mg/kg doses of morphine or saline, followed by three weekly challenges with 4 mg/kg doses of morphine or saline.

Effects of morphine on brain-stimulation reward thresholds in young and aged rats.

Mesolimbic opioid systems are altered with aging; however, the effects of these changes on the rewarding actions of opioids have not been examined. The present experiment assessed differences in the responsiveness of brain reward pathways in young and aged rats to the effects of morphine using the brain-stimulation reward (BSR) model. Aged (24 months) and young (5 months) male F344/BNF1 rats were stereotaxically implanted with a bipolar stainless steel electrode into the lateral hypothalamic (LH) region of the medial forebrain bundle.

Sp and GATA factors are critical for Apolipoprotein AI downstream enhancer activity in human HepG2 cells.

The factors that bind to the hepatic-specific human apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) 48-bp downstream enhancer (DSE) were identified and characterized by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. A significant homology was shown between the histone 4 (H4) promoters and the hepatic-specific human apoAI DSE at Sp1 and H4TF2 binding sites. Human HepG2 nuclear extracts were used to form four specific complexes with the DSE (referred to as apoAI DSE-1, -2, -3, and -4).

Dapsone-induced acute pancreatitis.

Objective: To report a case of acute pancreatitis associated with dapsone use.

Case Summary: An 87-year-old white man was prescribed dapsone for dermatitis herpetiformis. Four weeks later, he developed acute abdominal pain requiring hospitalization.