Bifidobacterium jacchi sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of a baby common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

A novel Bifidobacterium strain, MRM 9.3, was isolated from a faecal sample of a baby common marmoset (Callithrixjacchus). Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, non-haemolytic, facultatively anaerobic and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive.

Bifidobacterium primatium sp. nov., Bifidobacterium scaligerum sp. nov., Bifidobacterium felsineum sp. nov. and Bifidobacterium simiarum sp. nov.: Four novel taxa isolated from the faeces of the cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator).

Four novel Gram-stain-positive, non spore forming and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strains were isolated from the faeces of a cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and an emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA revealed that bifidobacterial strains TRE 1 exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness to Bifidobacterium catulorum DSM 103154 (96.0%) and Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201 (96.

Bifidobacterium callitrichidarum sp. nov. from the faeces of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator).

Three Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase positive strains were isolated from a faecal sample of an adult subject of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). Given that the isolates revealed identical BOX PCR profiles, strain TRI 5 was selected as a representative and characterized further. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strain TRI 5 was closely related to Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967 (96.

sp. nov., isolated from faeces of black lemurs ().

Forty-three strains of bifidobacteria were isolated from the faeces of two adult black lemurs, . Thirty-four were identified as , recently described in . The nine remaining isolates were Gram-positive-staining, non-spore-forming, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive, microaerophilic, irregular rod-shaped bacteria that often presented Y- or V-shaped cells.

and down-regulate exotoxins expression.

Beneficial microbes, such as lactobacilli establish a symbiosis with the host and confer health-associated effects, by limiting the growth of indigenous pathogens and challenging microbes introduced by altered foods. Nevertheless, there is scarce information on the effects of beneficial microbes on the virulence properties of bacterial species associated with oral diseases, such as periodontitis. is a Gram-negative species highly implicated in the etiology of localized aggressive periodontitis.

Occurrence of Bifidobacteriaceae in human hypochlorhydria stomach.

Background: The human stomach, when healthy, is not a suitable host for microorganisms, but in pathological conditions such as gastritis, when gastric acid secretion is impaired, microbial overgrowth can be observed. Apart from Helicobacter pylori, the composition of microbiota, resident or exogenously introduced during neutral/high pH conditions, has not been investigated thoroughly. Thus, it is possible that Bifidobacteriaceae, important autochthonous and beneficial bacteria of human gastrointestinal microbiota, could over-colonize the stomach of hypochlorhydria patients suffering from autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) or omeprazole-treated (OME) gastritis.

Characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of industrial hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.).

The present study focused on inhibitory activity of freshly extracted essential oils from three legal (THC<0.2% w/v) hemp varieties (Carmagnola, Fibranova and Futura) on microbial growth. The effect of different sowing times on oil composition and biological activity was also evaluated.

Gut health promoting activity of new putative probiotic/protective Lactobacillus spp. strains: a functional study in the small intestinal cell model.

In interaction studies with the host intestine, the use of the appropriate gut functional cell model is essential. Therefore, we examined the protective properties of selected lactobacilli in a newly established intestinal cell model. Bacteria were cocultured with the pig small intestinal epithelial cells (PSIc1) and pig blood monocytes (PoM2) in a functional intestinal cell model.

Adhesion, autoaggregation and hydrophobicity of 13 strains of Bifidobacterium longum.

To identify bacterial traits related to adhesion ability in human bifidobacteria, 13 strains of Bifidobacterium longum isolated from human gastric juice and intestine were studied. Strains were tested for their capability to adhere to Caco-2 cells and classified as adhesive (Adh+) or non-adhesive (Adh-). Adh+ and Adh- strains were then investigated for their autoaggregation ability and surface hydrophobicity.

Autoaggregation and adhesion ability in a Bifidobacterium suis strain.

On the basis of autoaggregation ability, two different phenotypes (Agg+ and Agg-) were selected from a strain (BSu895) of Bifidobacterium suis. The relationship between autoaggregation and adhesion of bacteria to intestinal tissue was investigated by observing the adhesivity of the two phenotypic variants to ileum and colon tissue pieces collected from six new-born piglets. The results suggest that there is a good relationship between autoaggregation and adhesion as variant Agg+ (autoaggregating) has a stronger adhesion ability than Agg- (non-autoaggregating).

Transformation of Bifidobacterium longum with pRM2, a constructed Escherichia coli-B. longum shuttle vector.

An Escherichia coli-Bifidobacterium longum shuttle vector, designated pRM2, was constructed by cloning a B. longum plasmid and an enterococcal spectinomycin resistance gene into a commercial E. coli vector.

Related structures in the plasmid profiles of Bifidobacterium asteroides, B. indicum and B. globosum.

Seventy strains of B. asteroides isolated from the honey bees Apis mellifera and A. cerana raised in 15 different countries, 73 strains of B.

Related structures in the plasmid profiles of Bifidobacterium longum.

The plasmid profiles of 123 strains of B. longum were examined with the Southern blot-hybridization technique to reveal the existence of related structures. B.

Plasmids and phages in Bifidobacterium longum.

Fourteen strains of Bifidobacterium longum were tested for phage production with UV and mitomycin C as inducing agents. Only four strains released phage-like particles; of these four strains, two harbour plasmids, while two are apparently plasmid free. The induced phages have heads of dimensions ranging from 49 to 56 nm and tails from 76 to 268 nm long.

Plasmids in the genus Bifidobacterium.

A total of 1461 bacterial isolates, representing 24 different species of the genus Bifidobacterium, were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. Approximately 20% of the isolates contained detectable plasmids, but only four species were presented: B. longum, the predominant bifid species in the human intestine; B.

Preliminary quantification of immunological relationships among the transaldolases of the genus Bifidobacterium.

The immunological relatedness among the transaldolases (dihydroxyacetone transferase, E.C. 2.

Immunological relationships among transaldolases in the genus Bifidobacterium.

Antisera were prepared against electrophoretically homogeneous transaldolase (dihydroxyacetone transferase, E.C. 2.

Purification and properties of two fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolases in Bifidobacterium.

Fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase was purified from type strains of two species of the genus Bifidobacterium: B. globosum and B. dentium.

Starch gel electrophoresis of fructose-6-phosphate phophoketolase in the genus Bifidobacterium.

Three groups of nomenspecies of the genus Bifidobacterium were distinguished by the different mobility of their fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase in starchgel electrophoresis; there is apparently a close relatedness between electrophoretic type of phosphoketolase and habitat.