IL-10-producing regulatory cells impact on celiac disease evolution.

Celiac Disease (CD) is a T-cell mediated disorder caused by immune response to gluten, although the mechanisms underlying CD progression are still elusive. We analyzed immune cell composition, plasma cytokines, and gliadin-specific T-cell responses in patients with positive serology and normal intestinal mucosa (potential-CD) or villous atrophy (acute-CD), and after gluten-free diet (GFD). We found: an inflammatory signature and the presence of circulating gliadin-specific IFN-γ T cells in CD patients regardless of mucosal damage; an increased frequency of IL-10-secreting dendritic cells (DC-10) in the gut and of circulating gliadin-specific IL-10-secreting T cells in potential-CD; IL-10 inhibition increased IFN-γ secretion by gliadin-specific intestinal T cells from acute- and potential-CD.

Tolerogenic IL-10-engineered dendritic cell-based therapy to restore antigen-specific tolerance in T cell mediated diseases.

Tolerogenic dendritic cells play a critical role in promoting antigen-specific tolerance via dampening of T cell responses, induction of pathogenic T cell exhaustion and antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Here we efficiently generate tolerogenic dendritic cells by genetic engineering of monocytes with lentiviral vectors co-encoding for immunodominant antigen-derived peptides and IL-10. These transduced dendritic cells (designated DC) secrete IL-10 and efficiently downregulate antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses from healthy subjects and celiac disease patients in vitro.

Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the COVID-19 Main Endemic Focus: The Lombardy Experience.

In the era of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), concern has been raised for immunosuppressed patients, including children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collect data from IBD tertiary centers of Lombardy during pandemic. A cross-sectional survey enrolling IBD children has been completed by seven major IBD centers in Lombardy during lockdown.

[Children are born twice: at birth and in adolescence. The adolescent, his/her parents, and the pediatrician].

We know the young's problem often depended to family and to society. In these years we have seen important changes of the family, that is no more a "patriarchal family" but is a "nuclear family". In general we can say that there is a change of the social levels of the family; in particular the Mass-media (especially television-set) are the most important factors responsible of these changes in fact they block the dialogue between family's members.

[Adolescence and alcohol abuse. Relevance of information given by the pediatrician].

Often we don't see alcohol abuse among adolescents, but this kind of drug, easy to find, could be used to trying their limits. Contemporary group has an important role in the habit of drinking. Often family don't think that it's real problem and it's important that paediatrician grasp this dangerous signals.

[Eating disorders in adolescence: anorexia in children].

When doctor visits adolescents have to pay attention to the massage of body like a mirror of difficulty about growth. Adolescents change their eating habits because they need to distinguish to the family. The doctor have to see first signals of more serious behaviour join to eating: anorexia nervosa.

[Advanced adolescence].

The advanced adolescence is the one after the eighteenth birthday. The adolescent tries to accomplish 3 engagements: 1. social and economic stability, 2.

[They way adolescents live at home].

The kids, observing the relationship of their parents, are learning from them. Today the home is less home for everyone. At home you are eating, you are learning, especially you are watching a lot of TV.

[Adolescence and family life cycle. Role of the pediatrician].

Adolescence observed as one of the step of the life cycle from the point of view of changes in the family. The role of paediatricians in the conversation with the adolescent and his parents is to pay attention to the influence that the whole family system could have on producing symptoms.

[School performance: a question that divides. Analysis of learning difficulty].

The difficulty of learning is getting always more important, also in relation of a better knowledge of these problems. One factor which has to be taken in consideration as the behaviour of the school.

Precocious puberty and body composition: effects of GnRH analog treatment.

Introduction: Body composition changes with age and sex differences become significant only after puberty. Boys and girls before the age of 8 yr do not differ in fat, lean or bone mineral mass. Hormonal influences during pubertal development determine the physiological adult male and female body composition phenotype.