Lamotrigine, a mood stabilizer, may have beneficial effects on memory acquisition and retrieval in mice.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mood stabilizer lamotrigine (LMG) on learning and memory processes using Morris water maze (MWM), modified elevated plus maze (mEPM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests.

Main Methods: Balb-c mice were used. LMG were injected (20; 40mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.

Lamotrigine effects sensorimotor gating in WAG/Rij rats.

Introduction: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a measurable form of sensorimotor gating. Disruption of PPI reflects the impairment in the neural filtering process of mental functions that are related to the transformation of an external stimuli to a response. Impairment of PPI is reported in neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's diseases, Tourette syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, and temporal lobe epilepsy with psychosis.

Positive impact of levetiracetam on emotional learning and memory in naive mice.

Aims: The effect of an antiepileptic drug on cognitive function is of primary importance with respect to the patient's quality of life. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug used to treat epilepsy, but its effects on spatial and emotional learning and memory are not yet well understood. The goal of our study was to establish the effects of LEV (17 and 54 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)) on spatial memory retrieval in the Morris water maze test and on acquisition and memory formation in the passive avoidance (PA) test in naive mice.

[Temporal characteristics of migraine-type headache].

Objectives: Migraine is characterized by headache attacks, and symptoms belong to various organ systems. Temporal characteristics of headache must be known to prescribe the appropriate drug for the treatment of migraine attacks. In this study, we aimed to reveal the temporal characteristics of headache and to search whether or not these characteristics differ in patient subgroups in migraineurs admitted to a tertiary health center.

Route learning impairment associated with encephalomalasia secondary to traumatic brain injury: a case report.

Topographical disorientation is marked by difficulty finding one's way in familiar or new environments. The present case study reports findings from a 30-year-old male with encephalomalasia of the left parahippocampal region secondary to brain trauma with subsequent difficulty in learning of new routes. His navigation in premorbidly known (familiar) surroundings was intact.

Silent cerebral infarction in chronic heart failure: ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Objectives: Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) may have a high incidence of clinically asymptomatic silent cerebral infarction (SCI). Prevalence of SCI and its risk factors may differ between ischemic and nonischemic DCM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prevalence and related parameters of silent cerebral infarction in patients with ischemic and nonischemic DCM.

Evaluation of the effect of methylphenidate by computed tomography, electroencephalography, neuropsychological tests, and clinical symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Stimulant drugs are the most commonly used treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the mechanism of action of these drugs is still not entirely understood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the psychostimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), electrical activity of the brain, and clinical symptoms in children with ADHD using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), electroencephalography (EEG), and neuropsychological tests.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, pediatric outpatients received MPH for 3 months at a mean dose of 1 mg/kg · d (range, 0.

Levetiracetam-responding paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia.

We report on a patient with 7-year history of short-lasting paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia. The episodes occurred 100 to 125 times per day, lasted from 5 seconds to 3 minutes, and were not suppressed with sleeping, underlining the heterogeneity of phenomenology in paroxysmal dyskinesias. Neuroimaging studies showed calcifications in the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and subcortical and cerebellar regions.

Fahr's disease presenting with paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia: a case report.

Fahr's disease is characterized by presence of abnormal calcifications in certain areas of the brain. We report on 23-year-old man admitted to us with the episodes of paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia. He was detected to have symmetrical intracerebral calcifications in basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellar hemispheres, and diagnosed as sporadic Fahr's disease.

Magnetization transfer ratio in early period of Parkinson disease.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the role of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in the early period of Parkinson disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: Clinically diagnosed 33 patients with PD in the first year of diagnosis, and 30 healthy volunteers were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed without and with magnetization transfer (MT) imaging.

Fibrous dysplasia of the cranial bones: a case report and review of the literature.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a relatively uncommon disorder that affects primarily the cranial region; its occurrence in the cranial base in combination with hindbrain herniation and aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) constitutes an extremely rare condition. We report a case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with progressive occipital, temporal, and clival involvement. Clinical findings and differential diagnosis with special emphasis on the imaging features were discussed.

Isolated abducens nerve palsy associated with retinoic acid therapy: a case report.

Isolated abducens nerve palsy is a rare complication of treatment with various drugs. Here, the authors report the case of a 23-year-old female with isolated left abducens nerve palsy after long-term retinoic acid therapy. The association is based on the temporal relationship and the exclusion of other possible etiologic factors following extensive laboratory and imaging diagnostics.

[The headache triggered with ingestion of hot and soft fizzy drinks: similarity with ice cream headache].

Ice cream headache is more frequent in migraineurs. This is probably due to the specific interactions between neural and vascular systems in migraine patients. Two patients suffering from ice cream headache reported us that a similar headache occurred during migraine attacks with various stimuli such as ingesting hot and fizzy drinks.

Silent cerebral infarction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: echocardiographic correlates.

Background: Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Incidence of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) has not been investigated in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of SCI in patients with DCM and to determine its associations with echocardiographic parameters.

[The relationship of stabbing headaches with migraine attacks].

Temporal and spatial relationships between idiopathic stabbing headache and migraine headache have so far been reported. We aimed to obtain some clues about the stabbing headache pathophysiology by comparing the two types of headache in regard to temporal and spatial relationships as well as precipitating and relieving factors of stabbing headache during migraine attacks. 43 patients who reported temporal relationship between migraine headache and stabs were studied.

The sociodemographic findings, beliefs and behaviours of the patients admitted to Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Epilepsy Section.

Using a standard questionnaire, 121 consequent epileptic patients have been evaluated sociodemographically and according to their beliefs and behaviours about their illness. Monthly income per person was between 26 and 62.5 U.

Extracephalic stabbing pain temporally related to cephalic ones.

A 23-year-old woman consulted with the complaint of short-lasting, severe stabbing headaches and mild-to-moderate degree near-daily migrainous headaches. Further questioning revealed that she also had stabbing pain on both ipsilateral hand and calf. Stabs on the hand were time-locked to cephalic ones and stabs in the calf were alternating with the ones in the hand.