The Future of Surgical Diagnostics: Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Detection of Ganglion Cells for Hirschsprung Disease.

Hirschsprung disease, a congenital disease characterized by the absence of ganglion cells, presents significant surgical challenges. Addressing a critical gap in intraoperative diagnostics, we introduce transformative artificial intelligence approach that significantly enhances the detection of ganglion cells in frozen sections. The data set comprises 366 frozen and 302 formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides obtained from 164 patients from 3 centers.

HPV status and immunohistochemical analysis of p16, p53 and PD‑L1 expression as prognostic biomarkers in patients with squamous cell anal cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy.

Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT)/chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has shown high success rates, yet challenges such as treatment resistance and recurrence persist. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation, treatment response and prognosis in anal SCC. A retrospective cohort analysis included 42 patients with anal SCC treated at a single institution between 2006 and 2022.

Effects of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate on acute radiation proctitis in rats.

Background: This study was designed to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate combination (HA/CS) on a model of acute radiation proctitis.

Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: SHAM; irradiation (IR) + saline (1 mL for 5th and 10th day); IR + HA/CS (1 mL for 5th and 10th day). A single fraction of 17.

Which part of the blood in the knee joint is responsible for its detrimental effects? (An experimental study on the knee joint in rabbits).

Aim: This study aims to determine the potential causative elements which are responsible for the cartilage damage in case of frequent intra-articular bleeding and to evaluate the effects of intra-articular free iron and chelation of iron in the knee joint.

Methods: Thirty-five New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups according to substances injected into their knee joints. Plasma (group I) and cellular components (group II) of the blood harvested from the rabbits, iron (ferric hydroxide sucrose) (group III), iron&chelator (group IV) and only chelator (deferoxamine mesylate) (group V) were injected into their right knees three times a week for 12 weeks.

Does bile reflux reduce Helicobacter pylori gastritis?

Background: Chronic abdominal pain is a frequent childhood complaint. This study aims to determine the relationship between bile reflux, which is increasing with the growth in packaged food consumption resulting from the changing food industry, and Helicobacter pylori gastritis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 804 cases where there was an endoscopic examination for abdominal pain were included.

The effectiveness of cetuximab and panitumumab when combined with FOLFIRI in second-line treatment of KRAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancers. Single centre experience.

Panitumumab and cetuximab are monoclonal antibodies known to be effective in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Although the survival benefits when combined with chemotherapy have been determined, there are no studies comparing the two agents with chemotherapy in the second-line treatment. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of cetuximab vs panitumumab in patients who previously received chemotherapy.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Crude Extract on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis Model in Rat and the Bioaccessibility of its Carotenoid Content.

known as bitter melon (BM), is a plant that belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Aims of this study are to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of crude BM extract on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis model in rat. It was also aimed to determine the content and bioaccessibility of carotenoids of BM.

Gastrointestinal findings in 26 adults with common variable immunodeficiency: The fickle nature of the disease manifests in gastrointestinal biopsies.

Background/aims: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the histopathological findings in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies in adults with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Materials And Methods: A total of 172 GI biopsies of 26 patients with CVID obtained over a 16-year period were reevaluated. Findings were analyzed using descriptive analyzes and χ2 test.

Retrospective Multivariate Analysis of Data from Children with Suspected Appendicitis: A New Tool for Diagnosis.

Background: Decision-making for management may sometimes be difficult in acute appendicitis (AA). Various diagnostic scoring systems exist, but their sensitivity and specificity rates are far from ideal. In this study, the determination of the predictors and the effect of radiological data and developing a new scoring system were aimed.

Pulmonary Metastasectomy of Sarcoma: Is the Ratio of Surgical Margin to Nodule Size a Prognostic Factor?

Background:  Main prognostic factors of improved survival after pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for osteogenic and soft tissue sarcomas are suggested as histological type, number and size of pulmonary nodules, and disease-free interval (DFI).

Methods:  Sixty-nine patients who underwent PM between January 1999 and December 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Relations between parameters and prognostic risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated.

Integration of radiology and clinical score in pediatric appendicitis.

Background: The efficacy of ultrasonography (US) and abdominal X-ray in combination with Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) is complicated in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Abdominal X-ray is as useful as US with clinical assessment when evaluated by experienced pediatric radiologist in acute appendicitis. The aim of this study was to determine the value of US and abdominal X-ray for appendicitis in children when combined with clinical assessment based on PAS, and to establish a practical pathway for acute appendicitis in childhood.

The effects of chemoradiotherapy on recurrence and survival in locally advanced rectal cancers with curative total mesorectal excision: a prospective, nonrandomized study.

Background: There are only two prospective, randomized studies comparing preoperative long-term chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, conflicting results in terms of locoregional recurrence (LR) and survival rates have been reported. This prospective study aims to compare the effects of preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy on recurrence and survival rates in LARC patients.

Methods: From January 2003 to January 2016, a total of 336 eligible patients who were clinically diagnosed with LARC (T-T tm or node-positive disease) were prospectively assigned into preoperative chemoradiotherapy (n = 177) and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (n = 159) groups.

Gastrointestinal Parasitosis: Histopathological Insights to Rare but Intriguing Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Objective: Gastrointestinal parasitosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Definitive diagnosis is usually made by stool tests and/or serology but may require tissue evaluation. Although pathologists are usually familiar with common parasites, it is not well established whether the diagnosis could be suspected without seeing the "parasite" itself.

Increased osseous thickening of the inner surface of the frontal bone.

Aim: Increased thickening of the internal surface of the frontal bone (ISFB) was investigated, regarding possible pressure application to the brain tissue and the changes in bone marrow structure.

Material And Methods: Morphological analysis of the ISFB was carried out in a total of 300 adult skulls.

Results: Type A, defined as normal appearance, has been detected in 243 cranium.

Black joint and synovia: Histopathological evaluation of degenerative joint disease due to Ochronosis.

Introduction: Ochronotic arthropathy is a rapidly progressive and disabling arthropathy predominantly encountered after the fifth decade of life, caused by homogentisate1,2 dioxygenase enzyme deficiency. As it is rare disease, the literature on histological findings is fragmented.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively re-evaluated histopathological findings in resection and/or curettage materials (5 hip joint, 4 knee joint, one hip joint synovium, one intervertebral disk and one paravertebral disk tissue) of seven ochronosis cases diagnosed between 1995 and 2013 in a single center.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor and leiomyoma of the ileum mimicking adnexal mass: a report of two cases.

Adnexal masses are formations seen in women of all ages; they most often include cystic elements. Medical history, physical examination, different imaging methods, and tumor marker determinations must be used together for preoperative evaluation of an adnexal mass. Both benign and malignant tumors of the small intestine are more rarely encountered than malignant tumors of other gastrointestinal system components; although advanced imaging methods and other diagnostic techniques are used, they do not always allow these tumors to be differentiated from adnexal masses.

Digitally reinforced hematoxylin-eosin polarization technique in diagnosis of rectal amyloidosis.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of the digitally reinforced hematoxylin-eosin polarization (DRHEP) technique for detection of amyloidosis in rectal biopsies.

Methods: One hundred hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained rectal biopsies with Congo-red (CR)-positive amyloid depositions and 50 control cases with CR-negative amyloid-mimicking areas were scanned blinded to the CR results for amyloid depositions under both bright and polarized light, and digitally photographed using the DRHEP technique, to accentuate the faint birefringence observed in HE slides under polarization. The results of DRHEP and HE evaluation were statistically correlated with CR polarization results with respect to presence and localization of amyloid deposits as well as amyloid types.

Cystic bone lesions: histopathological spectrum and diagnostic challenges.

Objective: Bone cysts are benign lesions occurring in any bone, regardless of age. They are often asymptomatic but may cause pain, swelling, fractures, and local recurrence and may be confused with other bone lesions.

Material And Method: We retrospectively re-evaluated 143 patients diagnosed with aneurysmal bone cyst (n=98, 68.

A bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (Nora's lesion) of metatarsus, a histopathological and etiological puzzlement.

Nora's lesion (bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation) is a rare, benign lesion that is composed of differing amounts of cartilage, bone, and spindle cells and an unusual form of calcified cartilage so-called "blue bone". Whether it represents a reactive proliferation or a neoplastic lesion still remains controversial. We present a 24-year-old woman having a 4.

Clinical and morphological characteristics of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma: a retrospective single-center analysis of 204 patients.

Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are histologically similar, benign bone-forming tumors. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the natural history; clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings; and treatment results in 204 patients between 1959 and 2006 in a single institution. According to the World Health Organization's definition, tumors ≤1 cm in diameter were classified as osteoid osteoma, and those ≥2 cm, as osteoblastoma.

Effects of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on rat peritonitis model.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities and probable toxic effects of Aloe vera (AV) in a rat peritonitis model.

Materials And Methods: RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO FIVE GROUPS: (1) Control group, (2) AV group, (3) peritonitis group (P), (4) peritonitis + AV group (P + AV), and (5) peritonitis + antibiotherapy group (P + Ab). Ultrafiltration (UF) rates were determined and colony and leukocyte counts were calculated in the dialysate.

Fatal necrotising enterocolitis due to mydriatic eye drops.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a serious problem of preterm infants which may lead to impairment of vision and even to blindness if untreated. Routine eye examination is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment of ROP in preterm infants. Mydriatic eye drops (cyclopentolate, tropicamide and phenylephrine) are applied before the ophthalmic examination.