Impact of COVID-19 on cataract surgical competency of ophthalmology residents.

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a decrease in elective surgeries.

Purpose: To compare the performance of postgraduate year 4 prepandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2021-2022) ophthalmology residents.

Settings And Design: This was an observational comparative study conducted at a university-based hospital.

Endoscopic-assisted Orbitotomy for Obliteration of Orbital Arteriovenous Fistula Refractory to Endovascular Techniques.

Orbital arteriovenous fistula is a rare acquired disorder. The coincidence of arteriovenous fistula with lymphaticovenous malformation is even rarer. The optimal treatment, thus, is controversial.

Congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium: 4 cases with multimodal imaging.

Background: Congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium is often identified as an incidental finding. One important issue is the differentiation of these benign lesions from other lesions which could be potentially sight-threatening.

Methods: This study describes 4 cases of congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium that were referred to a university-based hospital.