[Representation of texture parameters of B-mode sonograms in image form].

The possibility is exemplified of visualising important parameters of the statistical texture describing the echogenicity of ultrasound B-mode scans of the liver as a composite image. The two relevant parameters are gray level and standard deviation of gray levels. These were selected because they offer the best criterion to differentiate between tissues.

[An object analytical procedure for determining the area of the thyroid gland parenchyma accumulating nuclides in the scintigram].

An algorithm for object isolation was developed to determine the area of the thyroid in scintigraphic images, and its volume calculated therefrom so that operator-induced variations, common if the usual manual technique is used, could be avoided. The object isolation is performed for every possible threshold value. The resulting object isolation curves give a reliable and reproducible thyroid area.

[A retrospective study of the results of postoperative radiotherapy of hypernephroma].

Retrospectively the patients were analyzed, postoperatively irradiated because of a hypernephroidal kidney carcinoma during the years 1978 to 1988. With a total number of 44 patients 12 were in stage I (Robson), 13 in stage II, 17 in stage III and 2 in stage IV. The probabilities for a tumor-free survival of five years were 81%, 59% and 30% for the stages I to III.

[Diagnosis of functional disorders of the gallbladder and bile ducts].

The technique of hepatobiliary function scintigraphy (HBFS) is described and the different stages of filling are analyzed. Continuous observation and registration of the flow of the administered test dose is undertaken so that any possible anomalies can be noted. After the administration of contraction agents (Biloptin stimulus), the function of the involuntary muscles of the gall bladder and bile ducts is examined.

[Standardisation of the technique and interpretation of hepato-biliary functional scintigraphy (author's transl)].

The technique and interpretation of hepato-biliary functional scintigraphy requires some adaptation of the normal methods. Continual recording is necessary. By this means deviations from normal can be detected, such as stenosis of the hepatic ducts, anomalies of the gall bladder and its tone, spastic changes in the lower common bile duct, obstruction at the papilla, occlusion or stenosis of the cystic duct and duodeno-gastric reflux.

[The value of hepatobiliary functional scintigraphy in post-operative routine diagnosis of the biliary tract (author's transl)].

Diagnostic information obtained via hepatobiliary functional scintigraphy in practical routine work is classified and graded by means of examined patients. This examination method will mainly detect functional deviations. Besides the spastic changes in the lower choledochus and at the papilla it is possible to identify stenoses even in the range of the hepatic duct by means of an examination of the recorded curves.

[Diagnosis vial soft roentgenography of the distal third of the lower arm (author's transl)].

For the purpose of interpreting changes in the soft parts on conventional skeleton roentgenographs, particularly from an anatomical point of view, the article demonstrates soft roentgenographs of the lower arm. For example, it is usually possible to visualize the quadratoendinosal space in good delineation, especially in volar flexion. It is also possible to recognize the tendons of the musc.

[Soft tissue technique--lateral view of the foot (author's transl)].

For exact anatomic analysis, radiographs are made of and correlated with anatomic sections of a cadaver foot. Three regions are being differentiated: The dorsal and the plantar and the calcaneal region. Normal findings are being presented as well as some pathologic soft tissue changes with special emphasis on the syndrome of "high edge calcaneus".

[Late results after preirradiation of mastocarcinomas (author's transl)].

The results of 80 cases treated with preirradiations are described. The follow-up observation time was longer than ten years. The results are statistically evaluated.

[Standardised radiological investigation of the stomach with double contrast and fluorography (author's transl)].

The aims are presented and the technical equipment and application of different contrast media (barium sulphate and gas) are discussed. The steps of examination are divided into 5 phases. Thus, each part of the stomach is shown both by extreme filling and relief technique and by double contrast.

[Periathritis of the sesamoid bone of the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the large toe (author's transl)].

Several cases serve to illustrate the clinical features of calcifying periarthrosis of small sesamoid bones described in this report. Osteomalacia of sesamoid bones must be considered in the differential diagnosis.

[Explatory roentgen examination of the anal canal (author's transl)].

Endoscopy is supplemented by a roentgenographic exploration of the anal canal via single and double-contrast methods, as part of routine irrigoscopy. A brief description is given of the technique employed in the examination of 256 patients. Normal roentgen anatomy is described in detail, followed by a definition of the different stages according to the degree of blood filling.

[Form variant of trochanter minor as a sign of altered muscular action due to dysplasia coxae (author's transl)].

9 cases with variant of the form of the trochanter minor (double apex) are reported. A double insertion or a changed action of the iliopsoas muscle is discussed.

[Lateral view of the knee joint in soft tissue technique (author's transl)].

Soft tissue technique of the knee and normal anatomical findings are described. Five relatively radiolucent areas can be delineated distinctly as corpora adiposa from other connective tissues: 1. corpus adiposum infrapatellare, 2.

[Morphology of the incisura scapulae in relation to the frozen shoulder (author's transl)].

A flat incisura scapulae was registered on radiological examination of four cases of frozen shoulder. A modified X-ray technique was used to investigated 250 patients with spondylosis cervicalis in a morphological study of the incisura scapulae. Three types were found: Type I with a deep, sharp incisura, type 2 with a widened, balloon-sharped incisura and type 3 with a flat, barely-distinguishable incisura.

[On the roentgenologic observation of wrist flexion (author's transl)].

To analyze adduction (ulnar flexion) or abduction (radial flexion) at the wrist, a simple calculatory method is described (quitient from the length of the scaphoid bone--navicular bone or os scaphoideum--in radial and ulnar flexion), converted to angle measurement via the cosine value. The normal values are limited by the pathologic values, so that beginning lesions can be identified in this manner. Description of a few pathologic cases and of the limits and possibilities of the method.

[Roentgen-anatomy of the distal fibula (author's transl)].

Based upon 1000 x-rays of the ankle the radiologic appearance of the sulcus peronaealis is evaluated. Three types may be differentiated. The muscle tone seems to be responsible for the development of the sulcus.

[Comments on the evaluation of the axial cubital joint X-ray film (author's transl)].

Evaluation of 250 axial elbow joint X-ray films included measurement of an angle between the ulnar and radial halves of the trochlea, which varies between 140 and 170 degrees. In cases where this angle was smaller, eminences of various size were found in the radial border of the olecranon. In addition, the distance between the ulnar border and the bottom of the sulcus of the ulnar nerve was increased with steep upright position of the ulnar half of the trochlea.

[Roentgenmorphology of the sulcus of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (author's transl)].

For the roentgenographic definition of the form of the Sulcus extensor carpi ulnaris muscle 500 plain roentgenfilms of the wrist were examined. Three types were differentiated: Type I narrow sulcus, type II large sulcus, and type III no sulcus. In types Ia and IIa the distal end was slanted.