Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Stabilization Exercises in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cervical stabilization exercises on functional status, cognitive functions, and sleep quality in individuals with chronic neck pain.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 29 individuals (mean age 33.06 ± 14.

The Crosstalk of Apoptotic and Non-Apoptotic Signaling in CD95 System.

The mechanisms of CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway in cancer cells have been extensively studied. The majority of human cells express CD95, but not all these cells can induce extrinsic apoptosis. Accumulating evidence has shown that CD95 is a multifunctional protein, and its stimulation can also elicit non-apoptotic or even survival signals.

Arginine methylation of caspase-8 controls life/death decisions in extrinsic apoptotic networks.

Procaspase-8 is a key mediator of death receptor (DR)-mediated pathways. Recently, the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of procaspase-8 in controlling cell death has received increasing attention. Here, using mass spectrometry screening, pharmacological inhibition and biochemical assays, we show that procaspase-8 can be targeted by the PRMT5/RIOK1/WD45 methylosome complex.

Modulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway by intracellular glycosylation.

The importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly O-GlcNAcylation, of cytoplasmic proteins in apoptosis has been neglected for quite a while. Modification of cytoplasmic proteins by a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar is a dynamic and reversible PTM exhibiting properties more like phosphorylation than classical O- and N-linked glycosylation. Due to the sparse information existing, we have only limited understanding of how GlcNAcylation affects cell death.

RL2 Enhances the Elimination of Breast Cancer Cells by Doxorubicin.

RL2 (recombinant lactaptin 2), a recombinant analogon of the human milk protein Κ-Casein, induces mitophagy and cell death in breast carcinoma cells. Furthermore, RL2 was shown to enhance extrinsic apoptosis upon long-term treatment while inhibiting it upon short-term stimulation. However, the effects of RL2 on the action of chemotherapeutic drugs that induce the intrinsic apoptotic pathway have not been investigated to date.

The cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis in breast carcinoma: implications for novel therapies?

Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women worldwide. Resistance to drugs and recurrence of the disease are two leading causes of failure in treatment. For a more efficient treatment of patients, the development of novel therapeutic regimes is needed.

Regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling by c-FLIP: towards targeting cancer networks.

The extrinsic pathway is mediated by death receptors (DRs), including CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or TRAILR-1/2. Defects in apoptosis regulation lead to cancer and other malignancies. The master regulator of the DR networks is the cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP).

Impact of human CD95 mutations on cell death and autoimmunity: a model.

CD95/Fas/APO-1 can trigger apoptotic as well as nonapoptotic pathways in immune cells. CD95 signaling in humans can be inhibited by several mechanisms, including mutations in the gene encoding CD95. CD95 mutations lead to autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS).

Interplay Between Mitophagy and Apoptosis Defines a Cell Fate Upon Co-treatment of Breast Cancer Cells With a Recombinant Fragment of Human κ-Casein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand.

A recombinant fragment of human κ-Casein, termed RL2, induces cell death of breast cancer cells; however, molecular mechanisms of RL2-mediated cell death have remained largely unknown. In the current study, we have decoded the molecular mechanism of the RL2-mediated cell death and found that RL2 acts via the induction of mitophagy. This was monitored by the loss of adenosine triphosphate production, LC3B-II generation, and upregulation of BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX, as well as phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1.

The role of death domain proteins in host response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection: modulation of programmed cell death and translational applications.

The current pandemic of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant global public health threat. While urgent regulatory measures in control of the rapid spread of this virus are essential, scientists around the world have quickly engaged in this battle by studying the molecular mechanisms and searching for effective therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. At present, the exact mechanisms of programmed cell death upon SARS-CoV-2 infection remain to be elucidated, though there is increasing evidence suggesting that cell death pathways play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The Recombinant Fragment of Human κ-Casein Induces Cell Death by Targeting the Proteins of Mitochondrial Import in Breast Cancer Cells.

Breast cancer is still one of the most common cancers for women. Specified therapeutics are indispensable for optimal treatment. In previous studies, it has been shown that RL2, the recombinant fragment of human κ-Casein, induces cell death in breast cancer cells.

Controlling Cell Death through Post-translational Modifications of DED Proteins.

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, deregulation of which occurs in multiple disorders, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. The formation of a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and death effector domain (DED) filaments are critical for initiation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of DED-containing DISC components such as FADD, procaspase-8, and c-FLIP comprise an additional level of apoptosis regulation, which is necessary to overcome the threshold for apoptosis induction.

Modulation of CD95-mediated signaling by post-translational modifications: towards understanding CD95 signaling networks.

CD95 is a member of the death receptor family and is well-known to promote apoptosis. However, accumulating evidence indicates that in some context CD95 has not only the potential to induce apoptosis but also can trigger non-apoptotic signal leading to cell survival, proliferation, cancer growth and metastasis. Despite extensive investigations focused on alterations in the expression level of CD95 and associated signal molecules, very few studies, however, have investigated the effects of post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, palmitoylation, nitrosylation and glutathionylation on CD95 function.

Decoding the sweet regulation of apoptosis: the role of glycosylation and galectins in apoptotic signaling pathways.

Glycosylation and glycan-binding proteins such as galectins play an important role in the control of cell death signaling. Strikingly, very little attention has been given so far to the understanding of the molecular details behind this key regulatory network. Glycans attached to the death receptors such as CD95 and TRAIL-Rs, either alone or in a complex with galectins, might promote or inhibit apoptotic signals.

Lycopene Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Rats via Reducing Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder involving colitis. Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid that has attracted considerable attention as a potential chemopreventive agent. The impact of lycopene on colitis is currently unknown.

Selenium Protects Retinal Cells from Cisplatin-Induced Alterations in Carbohydrate Residues.

Background: Investigate alterations in the expression and localization of carbohydrate units in rat retinal cells exposed to cisplatin toxicity.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate putative protective effects of selenium on retinal cells subjected to cisplatin.

Study Design: Animal experiment.

Comparative evaluation of dietary supplementation with mannan oligosaccharide and oregano essential oil in forced molted and fully fed laying hens between 82 and 106 weeks of age.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of feed-grade preparations of mannan oligosaccharides ( MOS: ) and oregano essential oil ( OEO: ) in forced molted or fully fed 82-week-old, laying hens. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigated the influence of molting vs. full feeding and dietary supplements [i.

Effect of anticoccidial monensin with oregano essential oil on broilers experimentally challenged with mixed Eimeria spp.

Essential oil of oregano ( OEO: ) has proven to be a potential candidate for controlling chicken coccidiosis. The aim of the current study is to determine whether OEO and an approved anticoccidial, monensin sodium ( MON: ), as in-feed supplements could create a synergism when combined at low dosages. Day-old broiler chickens were separated into six equal groups with six replicate pens of 36 birds.

Effects of dietary boron and phytase supplementation on growth performance and mineral profile of broiler chickens fed on diets adequate or deficient in calcium and phosphorus.

1. Two experiments were designed to determine the effect of dietary boron (B) in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP) (adequate or deficient) and supplemental B (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg diet).

Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment use of selenium in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury.

Aim: To investigate the effects of selenium in rat retinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) model and compare pre-treatment and post-treatment use.

Methods: Selenium pre-treatment group (n=8) was treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.

The protective effect of curcumin administration on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effect of curcumin (CUR) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity to evaluate the detailed mechanisms by which CUR exerts its protective action.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar-Albino rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into three groups: administrations of olive oil (control, po), CCl4 (0.5mg/kg in olive oil sc) every other day for 3 weeks, and CCl4 (0.

Protective effect of 2-APB on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Purpose: We performed biochemical and histopathological evaluations to assess the effects of 2-APB on ischemia-reperfusion induced testicular damage.

Materials And Methods: A total of 28 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including sham treated, ischemia-reperfusion, ischemia-reperfusion plus 2 mg/kg 2-APB and ischemia-reperfusion plus 4 mg/kg 2-APB. Testicular tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity and DNA fragmentation levels were determined.

Inhibitory effect of sub-conjunctival tocilizumab on alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization in rats.

Background: To evaluate the effects of sub-conjunctivally applied interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody (tocilizumab) on alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) in rats.

Methods: Alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization was created in 24 right eyes of 24 rats. The rats were then randomized into 2 groups.

Efficacy of in-feed preparations of an anticoccidial, multienzyme, prebiotic, probiotic, and herbal essential oil mixture in healthy and Eimeria spp.-infected broilers.

The efficacies of 5 widely used dietary supplements were investigated on performance indices, fecal oocyst excretion, lesion score, and intestinal tract measurements in healthy and Eimeria spp.-infected birds by using a comparative model. This study included 2,400 sexed Ross 308 broiler chicks that were equally divided in 2 groups: the infected group, experimentally infected with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp.

Protective effect of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat kidney.

Background: To investigate the protective effect of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat kidney by an experimental study.

Materials And Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: (1) sham group, (2) I/R group, and (3) I/R + 2-APB group. Renal I/R injury was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min after right nephrectomy, followed by 3 h of reperfusion.