Clinically-Driven Rapidly Developed Nanoparticle Corona for Label-Free Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Detection.

Rapid diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks is critical as endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery gains global prominence. Current clinical methods such as endoscopic examination with and without intrathecal injection of fluorescent dye are invasive and rely on subjective judgment by physicians, highlighting the clinical need for label-free point-of-care (POC). However, a viable solution remains undeveloped due to the molecular complexity of CSF rhinorrhea mixed with nasal discharge and the scarcity of specific biomarkers, delaying sensor development.

Scalable Photonic Nose Development through Corona Phase Molecular Recognition.

Breath sensors promise early disease diagnosis through noninvasive, rapid analysis, but have struggled to reach clinical use due to challenges in scalability and multivariate data extraction. The current breath sensor design necessitates various channel materials and surface functionalization methods, which delays the process. Additionally, the limited options for channel materials that provide optimum sensitivity and selectivity further restrict the array size to a maximum of only 10 to 20 channels.

High Spatiotemporal Precision Mapping of Optical Nanosensor Array Using Machine Learning.

Optical nanosensors, including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), provide real-time spatiotemporal reporting at the single-molecule level within a nanometer-scale area. However, their superior sensitivity also makes them susceptible to slight environmental influences such as reference analytes in media, external fluid flow, and mechanical modulations. Consequently, they often fail to achieve the optimal limit of detection (LOD) and frequently convey misinformation spatiotemporally.

Early functional factors for predicting outcome of independence in daily living after stroke: a decision tree analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the predictive functional factors influencing the acquisition of basic activities of daily living performance abilities during the early stages of stroke rehabilitation using classification and regression analysis trees.

Methods: The clinical data of 289 stroke patients who underwent rehabilitation during hospitalization (164 males; mean age: 62.2 ± 13.

Comparison of biomechanical parameters in lower limb joints of stroke patients according to conventional evaluation scores during level walking.

Patients with chronic stroke capable of independent gait were classified into functional ambulation category (FAC) 4 or 5, and the kinetic and kinematic data on their lower limb joints on the affected and unaffected sides were compared with that of healthy individuals. Finally, the qualitative changes in the gait of patients with stroke were investigated based on the differences in FAC scores. Twelve healthy participants and 19 patients with stroke capable of independent gait were included.

Brain-computer interface in critical care and rehabilitation.

This comprehensive review explores the broad landscape of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology and its potential use in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly for patients with motor impairments such as quadriplegia or severe brain injury. By employing brain signals from various sensing techniques, BCIs offer enhanced communication and motor rehabilitation strategies for patients. This review underscores the concept and efficacy of noninvasive, electroencephalogram-based BCIs in facilitating both communicative interactions and motor function recovery.

: a MATLAB-based toolbox for inter-brain neuronal synchrony analysis using fNIRS hyperscanning.

Significance: We developed a MATLAB-based toolbox for the analysis of inter-brain synchrony (IBS) and performed an experimental study to confirm its performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first toolbox for IBS based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning data that visually shows the results on two three-dimensional (3D) head models.

Aim: Research on IBS using fNIRS hyperscanning is a nascent but expanding field.

Effect of interactive multitouch game-based cognitive intervention on cognitive function in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an interactive multitouch game-based cognitive intervention (ICI) on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Thirty-two older adults (19 women) between 65 and 84 years of age (mean age, 74.47 ± 4.

Clustering and prediction of long-term functional recovery patterns in first-time stroke patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to cluster long-term multifaceted functional recovery patterns and to establish prediction models for functional outcome in first-time stroke patients using unsupervised machine learning.

Methods: This study is an interim analysis of the dataset from the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation (KOSCO), a long-term, prospective, multicenter cohort study of first-time stroke patients. The KOSCO screened 10,636 first-time stroke patients admitted to nine representative hospitals in Korea during a three-year recruitment period, and 7,858 patients agreed to enroll.

Gender differences in mortality and long-term functional outcomes after first-ever ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Although many studies about survival rates and functional outcomes after stroke have been published, studies on gender differences have reported conflicting results.

Aims: To determine whether there are differences in mortality and functional outcomes during the first 5 years after a first-ever ischemic stroke in Korean males and females.

Method: This is an interim analysis of the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation, a prospective multicenter cohort study.

A Smart Glove Digital System Promotes Restoration of Upper Limb Motor Function and Enhances Cortical Hemodynamic Changes in Subacute Stroke Patients with Mild to Moderate Weakness: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study was a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of the RAPAEL Smart Glove digital training system on upper extremity function and cortical hemodynamic changes in subacute stroke patients. Of 48 patients, 20 experimental and 16 controls completed the study. In addition to conventional occupational therapy (OT), the experimental group received game-based digital hand motor training with the RAPAEL Smart Glove digital system, while the control group received extra OT for 30 min.

Multifaceted Assessment of Functional Outcomes in Survivors of First-time Stroke.

Importance: Because stroke causes diverse functional deficits, understanding the long-term recovery pattern of each functional domain may inform prognosis and therapeutic strategies.

Objective: To observe long-term changes in functional status and residual disability in survivors of first-time stroke.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was an interim analysis of the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation.

Sonographic Evaluation of the Optimal Needle Insertion Site in the Biceps Femoris Short Head.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the optimal needle placement for electromyographic examination of the biceps femoris short head muscle in relation to the biceps femoris long head tendon through sonographic evaluation.

Design: This cross-sectional observational study involved 36 lower limbs of 18 healthy volunteers. The distances and angles indicating the relationships between the common fibular nerve and the medial or lateral border of the biceps femoris long head tendon were measured at 5 and 7 cm proximal to the tip of the fibular head (P1 and P2, respectively) using ultrasonography.

Optimal Trapezius Electrophysiological Recording Site.

Background: Various active recording electrode positions for the trapezius motor nerve conduction study have been suggested.

Objective: To determine the optimal recording site of the trapezius muscles in a spinal accessory nerve conduction study.

Design: Retrospective descriptive study.

Rapid detection of S. mutans surface antigen I/II using a sensitive monoclonal anti-Ag I/II antibody by ELISA.

The cell-surface protein antigen I/II (Ag I/II) is expressed in oral streptococci, which are known as the causative agent of a number of diseases including dental caries, endocarditis, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies (MAb) capable of recognizing the streptococcal Ag I/II protein could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and cure of these diseases. In this study, a previously generated monoclonal anti-Ag I/II antibody, ckAg I/II, was used to detect a small amount of Streptococcus mutans (S.

Characteristics of tin oxide-based thin film transistors prepared by DC magnetron sputtering.

Here we demonstrate the fabrication of SnO(x) thin-film transistors (TFTs), where SnO(x) thin films are deposited as an active channel layer by DC magnetron sputtering. We analyzed the effects of the oxygen partial pressure ratio and post-deposition heat treatment (PDHT) on the characteristics of the SnO(x) thin films. We found improved performance of the TFTs obtained by using interface modification with the optimized deposition condition of SnO(x) thin films.