Exploring code portability solutions for HEP with a particle tracking test code.

Traditionally, high energy physics (HEP) experiments have relied on x86 CPUs for the majority of their significant computing needs. As the field looks ahead to the next generation of experiments such as DUNE and the High-Luminosity LHC, the computing demands are expected to increase dramatically. To cope with this increase, it will be necessary to take advantage of all available computing resources, including GPUs from different vendors.

High Performance Adaptive Physics Refinement to Enable Large-Scale Tracking of Cancer Cell Trajectory.

The ability to track simulated cancer cells through the circulatory system, important for developing a mechanistic understanding of metastatic spread, pushes the limits of today's supercomputers by requiring the simulation of large fluid volumes at cellular-scale resolution. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a new adaptive physics refinement (APR) method that captures cellular-scale interaction across large domains and leverages a hybrid CPU-GPU approach to maximize performance. Through algorithmic advances that integrate multi-physics and multi-resolution models, we establish a finely resolved window with explicitly modeled cells coupled to a coarsely resolved bulk fluid domain.

Oxidation and reduction of redox-sensitive elements in the presence of humic substances in subsurface environments: A review.

The oxidation and reduction (redox) processes of redox-sensitive elements (RSE) in the presence of humic substances (HS) have become a significantly important issue in the terms of biogeochemical cycles. Redox processes are crucial for determining the speciation, mobility, toxicity, and bioavailability of RSE in natural environments. It is known that HS act as an effective redox mediator for accepting and donating electrons, and thereby transfers them to RSE.

Influence of chloride ions on the reduction of mercury species in the presence of dissolved organic matter.

Mercuric species, Hg(II), interacts strongly with dissolved organic matter (DOM) through the oxidation, reduction, and complexation that affect the fate, bioavailability, and cycling of mercury, Hg, in aquatic environments. Despite its importance, the reactions between Hg(II) and DOM have rarely been studied in the presence of different concentrations of chloride ions (Cl) under anoxic conditions. Here, we report that the extent of Hg(II) reduction in the presence of the reduced DOM decreases with increasing Cl concentrations.

Colloid mobilization and heavy metal transport in the sampling of soil solution from Duckum soil in South Korea.

Colloid mobilization is a significant process governing colloid-associated transport of heavy metals in subsurface environments. It has been studied for the last three decades to understand this process. However, colloid mobilization and heavy metal transport in soil solutions have rarely been studied using soils in South Korea.

The enhancement and inhibition of mercury reduction by natural organic matter in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.

Reduction-oxidation (Redox) processes of mercury (Hg) are of significant importance in influencing Hg speciation, bioavailability, and fate in anoxic environments where natural organic matter (NOM) and dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB) are widely observed. However, the redox reaction between Hg and NOM, has not yet been studied in the presence of S. oneidensis MR-1 in anoxic environments.

Mutation spectrum in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric fundic gland-associated neoplasms/polyps.

Frequent activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has recently been demonstrated in gastric adenocarcinoma/neoplasia of chief cell predominant type (GA-CCP/GN-CCP) with submucosal involvement. In this study, we examined the activation status of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in GN-CCP without submucosal involvement, which is referred to as gastric dysplasia-CCP (GD-CCP). We also examined β-catenin expression and the mutation spectrum of PPP2R1A and Wnt pathway genes in 11 cases of GD-CCP, 25 cases of gastric polyps of fundic gland type (GPs-FG), and 21 cases of GPs-FG with dysplasia (GP-FGD).

Mercury accumulation in hydrothermal vent mollusks from the southern Tonga Arc, southwestern Pacific Ocean.

We provide the mercury (Hg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) levels of the plume water, sulfide ore, sediment, and mollusks located at the hydrothermal vent fields of the southern Tonga Arc, where active volcanism and intense seismic activity occur frequently. Our objectives were: (1) to address the potential release of Hg from hydrothermal fluids and (2) to examine the distribution of Hg and MMHg levels in hydrothermal mollusks (mussels and snails) harboring chemotrophic bacteria. While high concentrations of Hg in the sediment and Hg, As, and Sb in the sulfide ore indicates that their source is likely hydrothermal fluids, the MMHg concentration in the sediment was orders of magnitude lower than the Hg (<0.

GNAS mutation as an alternative mechanism of activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type.

Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GAFG) is a rare variant of gastric tumor. We have recently reported the frequent accumulation of β-catenin in GAFGs and showed that approximately half of the cases studied harbored at least 1 mutation in CTNNB1/AXINs/APC, leading to the constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, the mechanisms of Wnt signaling activation in the remaining cases are unknown.

Alteration in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric neoplasias of fundic gland (chief cell predominant) type.

Gastric neoplasia of chief cell-predominant type (GN-CCP) has been reported as a new, rare variant of gastric tumor. GN-CCPs were defined as tumors consisting of irregular anastomosing glands of columnar cells mimicking chief cells of fundic gland with nuclear atypia and prolapse-type submucosal involvement. We comparatively evaluated clinicopathologic features between 31 GN-CCPs and 130 cases of conventional gastric adenocarcinoma invading into submucosa (CGA-SM) in addition to nuclear β-catenin immunolabeling and direct sequencing of members of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, CTNNB1, APC, and AXIN, in a subset of these tumors.

Multiple carcinoid tumors of the small intestine preoperatively diagnosed by double-balloon endoscopy.

Background: Multiple carcinoid tumors of the small intestine are rare and are very difficult to detect preoperatively.

Case Report: A 75-year-old woman in whom the bleeding focus could not be found by upper and lower endoscopy and abdominal CT was admitted for evaluation of anemia. We examined the patient with total double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) and located multiple submucosal tumors.

Estuarine mixing behavior of colloidal organic carbon and colloidal mercury in Galveston Bay, Texas.

Mercury (Hg) in estuarine water is distributed among different physical phases (i.e. particulate, colloidal, and truly dissolved).