Treated wastewater suitability for reuse in comparison to groundwater and surface water in a peri-urban area: Implications for water quality management.

The climate change and population growth led to a severe water shortage that limits fresh water availability in some areas of Togo. Thus, the farmers of Adjougba District have no other choice than using treated wastewater as an alternative for irrigated agriculture. The purpose of this study is to compare the suitability of three types of water for uses with identification of the reliable parameters in the assessment of water suitability for irrigation and domestic purposes.

Groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling applications in urban area: scopes and limitations.

Background: A three-dimensional groundwater flow model was used to evaluate the groundwater potential and assess the effects of groundwater withdrawal on the regional water level and flow direction in the central Beijing area. A program of groundwater modeling aimed at estimating current contaminant fluxes to the central area and site streams via groundwater was developed.

Results And Discussion: The conceptual model developed for the site attempted to incorporate a complex stratigraphic profile in which groundwater flow and contaminant transport is strongly controlled by a shallow aquifer.