The COVID-19 virus, once a public health emergency, is now endemic. Immunization remains an important measure for mitigating high levels of disease, morbidity, and mortality related to COVID-19 infection. People with HIV (PWH), in particular, benefit from COVID-19 vaccination because of increased risk for severe COVID-19 infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Smoking and vaping are linked to lung inflammation and lowered immune response.
Objective: Examine the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, testing, symptoms, and vaccine uptake, and associations with tobacco product use.
Methods: Data came from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey.
Background: Galectins are an eleven-member class of lectins in humans that function as immune response mediators and aberrancies in their expression are commonly associated with immunological diseases. Several studies have focused on galectins as they may represent an important biomarker and a therapeutic target in the fight against COVID-19. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the usefulness of clinical assessment of circulating galectin levels in patients with COVID-19.
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