A trend over time study of hepatic Farnesoid-X-activated receptor and its downstream targets modulation by valproic acid in mice.

Valproic acid (VA) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant agent that acts through several molecular mechanisms to control different types of seizures. The main concern of the drug is its liver toxicity. Considering the regulatory roles of the Farnesoid nuclear receptors and the nuclear transcription factor Nrf2 in modifying and neutralizing the harmful effects of oxidative damage, the present study was designed to evaluate the role of FXR-Nrf2 and some downstream target gene alterations in hepatotoxicity induced by VA.

Correlation between Clinical Outcome and Radiologic Features After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Calcaneal Fractures.

Background: We aimed to find probable correlation between postoperative radiologic variables and clinical outcomes of surgically treated calcaneal fractures.

Methods: In a retrospective study, 70 unilateral displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures in adults with follow-up more than 1 year were asked to have a visit. Weightbearing radiographs of both ankles were taken and radiologic parameters, including the differences in values in Böhler and Gissane angles in comparison with the uninjured side, and calcaneocuboid and subtalar joint arthritis based on the Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale, were evaluated.

Role of Farnesoid Receptors and Nrf2-mediated Genes in Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat: A Time-course Study.

Introduction: Farnesoid-X-activated receptor (FXR) is considered as an upstream controller which could influence the other key regulatory genes encoding cellular antioxidant defense system.

Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats (240 ± 20 g) were randomly allocated into five groups: 1) control, 2) received gentamicin (100 mg/kg/d) for three days (GM-3d), 3) seven days (GM-7d), 4) 10 days (GM-10d), and 5) 14 consecutive days (GM-14d). Biochemical measurements of BUN and serum creatinine (SCr), histological assessment of renal samples as well as molecular analysis using real-time qRT-PCR were used to investigate the pattern of changes in different levels.

A rare case of floated talar head accompanying medial subtalar dislocation.

Introduction And Importance: Concomitant medial subtalar dislocation and a rotated displaced talar neck fracture may result in poor outcomes. This study aimed to explain this extremely rare injury and assess the clinical outcomes following surgical treatment.

Case Presentation: A 22-year-old Iranian man referred to the emergency department with a gross deformity and pain in his right foot and ankle after a falling from 2 m.

Cannabidiol interacts with the FXR/Nrf2 pathway and changes the CB1/CB2 receptors ratio in gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats.

Objectives: Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was used as an experimental model of kidney disease. The present study was performed to assess the therapeutic role of cannabidiol (CBD) against gentamicin-induced renal damage.

Materials And Methods: Forty two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups (n=7), including: (1) Control, (2) Vehicle, (3) Gentamicin-treated group (100 mg/kg/day) for 10 days (GM), (4-6) 3 Gentamicin-CBD-treated groups (2.

Silymarin Administration Attenuates Cirrhotic-induced Cardiac Abnormality in the Rats: A Possible Role of β-adrenergic Receptors and L-type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels.

Background: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a well-recognized cardiac dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. Studies have confirmed the protective effects of silymarin in different types of cardiac injury. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and molecular mechanism of silymarin against myocardial dysfunction and hypertrophy in a rat model of cirrhosis.

Promising results of captopril in improving knee arthrofibrosis and cartilage status: an animal model study.

Purpose: Several cytokines and growth factors start and progress the destruction process of joint hyaline cartilage and fibrosis formation. Captopril is classified as an Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in which several studies revealed that captopril significantly decreases fibrosis formation in some organs like the liver, heart, and kidney. This study aimed to evaluate the use of captopril in reducing the possibility of arthrofibrosis and osteoarthritis in an animal model.

Biliary cirrhosis-induced cardiac abnormality in rats: Interaction between Farnesoid-X-activated receptors and the cardiac uncoupling proteins 2 and 3.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Farnesoid-X-activated receptors (FXR) as nuclear regulators of the antioxidant defense system as well as cardiac mitochondrial carrier proteins of UCP2 and UCP3 in cardiac damage induced by cirrhosis.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups, including a control group (n=6), a sham-operated group (n=8), and a bile duct ligated (BDL) group (n=8). Four weeks after surgical intervention, biochemical assessment (AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, and ALP), histological observation, and molecular evaluation (FXR, UCP2, UCP3, BNP, Caspase3, and GAPDH) using real-time RT-PCR were performed.

Saffron offers hepatoprotection via up-regulation of hepatic farnesoid-X-activated receptors in a rat model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.

Objectives: The most important toxicity of acetaminophen is hepatotoxicity. Farnesoid X-activated receptors () are one of the nuclear receptor superfamily members which have a pivotal role in the bile acid regulation. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of in mediating the hepatoprotective effects of saffron.

Morphological Variations and Normal Parameters of the Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Tibiofibular Syndesmotic.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine morphological variations and normal parameters of the cross-sectional tibiofibular syndesmotic anatomy.

Methods: Configurations of syndesmosis, anterior syndesmotic width (ASW), posterior syndesmotic width (PSW), and overlap distance, defined as the overlap of medial fibula with a drawn line from tip of anterior tubercle of incisura fibularis to the posterior tip, were measured on normal computed tomography (CT) scans of 110 cases. Results: Seventy seven male (70%) and 33 female (30%) (left: 50 and right: 60) were assessed.

New mechanistic insights into hepatoprotective activity of milk thistle and chicory quantified extract: The role of hepatic Farnesoid-X activated receptors.

Objective: Farnesoid-X-activated receptors (FXR) are key modulators of liver regeneration. Milk thistle and Chicory are known as potent protective remedies in several liver disorders. The objective of this work was to examine the role of in the hepato-healing properties of milk thistle (MTE) and chicory extracts (CE) in a rat model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.

Therapeutic and Preventive Effects of Extract on Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Model in Rats.

Background: (known as olive fruit) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and many potential health benefits including gastric inflammation reduction has been shown previously. This study aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of extract on the early histological changes in indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury model with the plasma D-lactate concentration being measured as a tool for determination of intestinal permeability.

Methods: In this experimental study, two separate protective and therapeutic protocols were designed.

Lactation responses of Holstein dairy cows to supplementation with a combination of trace minerals produced using the advanced chelate compounds technology.

Advanced chelate compounds technology is a novel technology that introduces a new generation of chelates to deliver trace elements better by polymerization of organic acids. In the present study, the over-supplementation effect of Bonzaplex7 supplement, which is designed based on the aforementioned technology, was evaluated on milk yield of dairy Holstein cattle through two experiments. In the first experiment (exp.

Crocetin and crocin decreased cholesterol and triglyceride content of both breast cancer tumors and cell lines.

Objective: Inhibition of lipid metabolism in breast cancer has been suggested as an effective approach for cancer therapy. Saffron-derived crocetin (Crt) and crocin (Cro) with the known anticancer activity, have shown hypolipidemic effect in diabetes and atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the effect of Crt/Cro on lipid content in breast cancer.

Comparison of Accuracy in Expert Clinical Examination versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Arthroscopic Exam in Diagnosis of Meniscal Tear.

Background: Many clinical tests and diagnostic studies have been developed to increase the clinician's ability to accurately diagnose disorders of the knee. Torn menisci or ligamentous structures within the knee cause significant pain and disability and thus require expeditious management. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of clinical examination in comparison with MRI examination and with the help of arthroscopic examination as the gold standard in the diagnosis of meniscal tears.

Real life management of chronic urticaria: Multicenter and cross sectional study on patients and dermatologists in Iran.

Recently, advances in understanding the etiology of urticaria and updates of diagnostic and therapeutic management guidelines have drawn attention to chronic urticaria (CU) morbidity. The present study aimed to evaluate Iranian dermatologists' practice and real life management of CU patients. A total of 35 dermatologists and 443 patients were included in the study.

Cosmeceutical effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Kombucha tea by intradermal administration in the skin of aged mice.

Background/purpose: Natural ingredients have been always an interesting approach to prolong youthful appearance of skin. One of the natural compounds is Kombucha tea (KT), which has been mainly used as an energy drink in Asian countries for a long time. Previous reports indicated that it has pharmaceutical and favorable wound repairing effects.

Can the crossover sign be a reliable marker of global retroversion of the acetabulum?

Objective: Diagnosis of acetabular retroversion based on crossover sign in the anteroposterior radiograph of the hip joint is well described. Accuracy of the crossover sign to identify global retroversion of the acetabulum in comparison to version of the acetabulum in reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scan of the hip was the aim of this study.

Materials And Methods: X-rays of 500 hips were assessed regarding presence of crossover sign and its location in the upper, middle, or lower third of the acetabulum.

Hip abductors pyomyositis: a case report and review of the literature.

Pyomyositis, an acute hematogenous intramuscular bacterial infection, is an unusual disease in temperate climates. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl who was referred to our centre with pain, fever, and limping.  Magnetic resonance imaging and surgery showed diffuse pus collection in the hip abductor muscles.

Evaluation of brain and cervical MRI abnormality rates in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without neurological manifestations.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement has been observed in 14-80% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an appropriate method for evaluating CNS involvement in these patients. Clinical manifestations and MRI findings of CNS lupus should be differentiated from other mimicking diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).