A Comparison of Lower Eyelid Retraction in Normal Individuals with Positive versus Negative Orbital Vector.

Purpose: The present study aimed to compare lower eyelid retraction (LER) in individuals with a positive orbital vector with that of individuals with a negative orbital vector.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 normal individuals including 64 men and 59 women aged 20-80 years. After the individuals underwent Hertel exophthalmometry, two side-view and front-view photos were taken using a camera.

The Role of Inferior Turbinate Fracture in the Management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of inferior turbinate fracture in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal obstruction combined with first attempt probing in children younger than 36 months.

Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted on 230 eyes from 176 children aged 12 to 36 months with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. All patients underwent simple probing under general anesthesia.

First report of Klein-Waardenburg Syndrome in Iran and a novel pathogenic splice site variant in PAX3 gene.

Objectives: Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) as a congenital auditory-pigmentary syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Based upon clinical manifestations, it can be classified into four types. Loss of function mutations in PAX3 gene cause WS1 and WS3 (Klein-Waardenburg syndrome).

Orbital alveolar echinococcosis: A case report.

Purpose: To report a rare case of orbital alveolar echinococcosis in Iran.

Methods: A 23-year-old woman with multi-lobular mass lesion in the right orbit underwent excisional biopsy via a deep lateral orbitotomy approach. The pathologic investigation of the lesion was a multilobulated cystic lesion shown where the cyst wall structure was compatible with alveolar Hydatid cyst in histopathology.

"The influence of orbital vector on involutional entropion and ectropion".

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orbital vector and other biometric parameters (i.e. axial globe length, axial globe projection) on the development of involutional entropion or ectropion.

Orbital metastasis: a rare manifestation of scapular bone osteosarcoma.

Purpose: To report a case of orbital metastasis from scapular bone osteosarcoma.

Case Report: A 55-year-old man who was a known case of scapular bone osteosarcoma, was referred to our clinic with ocular symptoms including acute painful decreased vision, proptosis, conjunctival injection, and chemosis. He had undergone surgical excision of the original tumor and received systemic chemotherapy 4 months before.

Orbital metastatic osteosarcoma.

At an estimated incidence of 2 cases per million persons per year, osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adults, excluding hematopoietic intraosseous tumors. Orbital metastases of osteosarcoma are very rare. Only 5 cases of orbital metastasis of osteosarcoma previously reported in the literature.

Orbital hydatid cyst with diverse locality in the orbit and review of literatures.

Purpose: to introduce five different type of orbital involvement by hydatid cyst in 8 consecutive patients.

Design: descriptive case series.

Methods: Herein 8 patients with slowly progressive proptosis from 2 to 4months earlier at their first presentation are introduced.