Using newly deceased patients in teaching clinical skills: its ethical and educational challenges.

Introduction: The newly deceased patients have long been used in medical schools to teach clinical skills without any challenges as it helps to train skilled doctors. Nowadays, the use of moulages and simulators are common in teaching clinical skills since these tools provide the opportunity for frequent practice without any pain and injury. There are specific procedures which still require the use of cadavers.

The main indicators for Iranian hospital ethical accreditation.

Introduction: The application of organizational ethics in hospitals is one of the novel ways to improve medical ethics. Nowadays achieving efficient and sufficient ethical hospital indicators seems to be inevitable. In this connection, the present study aims to determine the best indicators in hospital accreditation.

An exploratory study on the elements that might affect medical students' and residents' responsibility during clinical training.

We are now more or less confronting a "challenge of responsibility" among both undergraduate and postgraduate medical students and some recent alumni from medical schools in Iran. This ethical problem calls for urgent etiologic and pathologic investigations into the problem itself and the issues involved. This study aimed to develop a thematic conceptual framework to study factors that might affect medical trainees' (MTs) observance of responsibility during clinical training.

Teamwork improvement in emergency trauma departments.

Background: Interprofessional teamwork is considered as the key to improve the quality of patient management in critical settings such as trauma emergency departments, but it is not fully conceptualized in these areas to guide practice. The aim of this article is to explore interprofessional teamwork and its improvement strategies in trauma emergency departments.

Materials And Methods: Participants of this qualitative study consisted of 11 nurses and 6 supervisors recruited from the emergency departments of a newly established trauma center using purposive sampling.

Expression of pluripotency markers in human granulosa cells after embryonic stem cell extract exposure and epigenetic modification.

Background: Epigenetic reprogramming of differentiated cells can modify somatic cells into pluripotential state. Pluripotency can be induced in somatic cells by several approches. One of the easy ways to induce pluripotency is the exposure of the somatic cells to the embryonic stem cell (ESC) extract.

Conditions to improve expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells based on rat samples.

Aim: To improve the isolation and expansion of human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on rat samples.

Methods: Based on the fact that rat MSCs are relatively easy to obtain from a small aspirate, bone marrow-derived MSCs from rat were cultured and characterized to set up the different protocols used in this study. Then, accordingly, almost the same protocols were performed on human healthy bone marrow samples, after obtaining approval of the ethics committee and gaining informed consent.

Hepatogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by insulin like growth factor-I.

Aim: To improve hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) using insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-I), which has important role in liver development, hepatocyte differentiation and function.

Methods: Bone marrow of healthy donors was aspirated from the iliac crest. The adherent cells expanded rapidly and were maintained with periodic passages until a relatively homogeneous population was established.