Prostate MRI prior to radical prostatectomy: effects on nerve sparing and pathological margin status.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the positive surgical margin (PSM) and nerve sparing (NS) rates in patients who underwent prostate MRI (pMRI) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) and compare them with matched, nonimaged control RP patients.

Methods: We identified 204 men who underwent preoperative pelvic MRI (pelMRI), of whom 176 (86.3%) underwent pMRIs, within 60 days of RP, and compared them (1:1) with a nonim-aged control group matched by surgeon, age, race, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), pathological Gleason score, prostate specimen weight, and RP year.

Association of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging parameters with histological findings from MRI/ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy.

Introduction: Purpose of this pilot study was to correlate quantitative parameters derived from the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) of the prostate with results from MRI guided transrectal ultrasound (MRI/TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy in men with suspected prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine consecutive patients who had 3.0T MP-MRI and subsequent MRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy were included and 73 MRI-identified targets were sampled by 177 cores.

Magnetic resonance-invisible versus magnetic resonance-visible prostate cancer in active surveillance: a preliminary report on disease outcomes.

Objective: To assess the association between magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of prostate cancer on a baseline multiparametric prostate (MP) MR imaging (MRI) and biopsy outcome in men with favorable-risk prostate cancer managed with active surveillance (AS).

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six consecutive men (mean age, 67.8 years) who had a baseline MP MRI within 1 year of AS enrollment were included in the study.

Prostate volumetric assessment by magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasound: impact of variation in calculated prostate-specific antigen density on patient eligibility for active surveillance program.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate impact of prostate volume variations on prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) and patient eligibility for active surveillance (AS).

Methods: Prostate volume and PSAD were calculated for 46 patients with prostate cancer in AS who underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Manual method and 2 semiautomated methods for prostate segmentation (3D-SLICER and OsiriX) were used for MR volumetry.

Performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation and management of clinically low-risk prostate cancer.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) of the prostate and MR-guided prostate biopsy, and their role in the evaluation and management of men with low-risk prostate cancer.

Methods: We performed a literature review based on the MEDLINE database search for publications on the role of mMRI (a) in detection and localization of prostate cancer, prediction of tumor aggressiveness and progression and (b) in guiding targeted prostate biopsy.

Results: The mMRI, particularly diffusion-weighted imaging with T2-weighted imaging, is a useful tool for tumor localization in low-risk prostate cancer as it can detect lesions that are more likely missed on extended biopsy schemes and can identify clinically significant disease requiring definitive treatment.

Effect of combination treatment on patient-related outcome measures in benign prostatic hyperplasia: clinical utility of dutasteride and tamsulosin.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, the fourth most commonly diagnosed medical condition in the elderly, is a major underlying cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men. Medical therapy is usually the first therapeutic option. Combination therapy is increasingly used for better symptom relief and outcome.

Testosterone in prostate cancer: the Bethesda consensus.

Objective: • Androgen stimulation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells has been extensively studied. The increasing trend of using serum testosterone as an absolute surrogate for castration state means that the diagnostic measurement of testosterone and the values potentially influencing prognosis must be better understood. This is especially important when PCa progresses from an endocrine to an intracrine status.

An algorithm for medical management in male lower urinary tract symptoms.

Purpose Of Review: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as the main cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may lead to acute urinary retention and need for BPH-related surgery. The present article describes the result of the recent trials on different medical treatment options.

Recent Findings: Recent studies have shown the efficacy of new selective α-blockers (silodosin and naftopidil); however, there are limited data and no strong evidence for the use of these new agents.

Gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer: the evidence.

Objective: Prostate cancer is still the most frequent noncutaneous male malignancy and is the second most common cause of cancer death. Genetic factors have been extensively studied in different countries. In addition, numerous genome-wide association studies have been performed in developed countries.

Accuracy of radiological features for predicting extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy success for treatment of kidney calculi.

Introduction: Our aim was to assess the accuracy of radiological characteristics observed by the urologist in estimating the success rate of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with kidney calculi.

Materials And Methods: Patients with kidney calculi sized 10 mm to 15 mm who underwent SWL in our center were enrolled. One urologist estimated the success chance of SWL based on plain abdominal radiography.

Cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms in Iranian populations.

Cytokines are important immunomodulatory molecules involved in immune responses against microorganisms; they also have an important role in the setting of immune system disorders. Cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms have been extensively studied in different, normal populations as well as in association with disease. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are potentially important as genetic predictors of disease susceptibility, clinical outcome, and as a tool for anthropological studies.