Determination of pentoxifylline efficacy on microalbuminuria in patients with type-2 diabetes.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent albuminuria and progressive impairment in renal function. Pentoxifylline is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase with anti-inflammatory properties which may have therapeutic potency in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Objective: The present study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of pentoxifylline as a treatment strategy for alleviating the microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Changes in body mass index after pediatric renal transplantation.

Significant weight gain following renal transplantation is common in adult and pediatric recipients and mostly depends on receiving higher doses of steroids, changes in mood and feelings, as well as their level of physical activities. This study was performed to evaluate body weight and body mass index (BMI) before and after kidney transplantation in children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 71 pediatric renal transplant recipients (42 boys and 29 girls) were included.

Pulmonary hypertension among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

The epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) among long-term hemodialysis patients has been described in relatively small studies in Iran. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PHT and its relationship among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD). In a cross-sectional study, patients with ESRD treated with HD for at least 3 months in the Imam hospital enrolled for the study.

Prevalence and predictors of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients undergoing simultaneous coronary and renal artery angiography; a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: According to the non-specific presentation of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS), this disease is usually an under-diagnosed in clinical conditions.

Objectives: The aim of the presence study was to evaluate the prevalence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) and its related risk factors in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Patients And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, between March 2009 and October 2010, all of hypertensive patients candidate for diagnostic cardiac catheterization, underwent nonselective renal angiography before completion of their coronary angiography procedure.

Contrast induced nephropathy among patients with normal renal function undergoing coronary angiography.

Introduction: Although contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a well-known complication of radiocontrast media administration among patients with underlying renal insufficiency, however the data about CIN among patients with normal renal function are few and it seems that CIN often remained under-diagnosed among these patients.

Objectives: The aim of present study was evaluation of CIN in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with normal renal function undergoing coronary angiography.

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional and prospective study has conducted on patients with normal renal function candidate for diagnostic coronary angiography at Imam hospital, Ahvaz, Iran from October 2010 to February 2011.

Restless Legs Syndrome: Associated Risk Factors in Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients; however, it is a disorder that is neglected in dialysis centers.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical factors associated with RLS among ESRD patients.

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in three HD centers in Ahvaz city in Southwest Iran.

The effect of gabapentin on muscle cramps during hemodialysis: A double-blind clinical trial.

Hemodialysis-associated muscle cramps (HAMC) are a common complication during hemodialysis (HD) sessions. A number of pharmacologic agents have been evaluated to prevent and or diminish HAMC; however, none of them has an established role. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the possible effect of gabapentin on HAMC.

Prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Cisplatin has a well-established role in the treatment of broad spectrum of malignancies; however its use is limited because of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) which can be progressive in more than 50% of cases. The most important risk factors for CIN include higher doses of cisplatin, previous cisplatin chemotherapy, underlying kidney damage and concurrent treatment with other potential nephrotoxin agents, such as aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, or iodinated contrast media. Different strategies have been offered to diminish or prevent nephrotoxicity of cisplatin.

Diabetes and end-stage renal disease; a review article on new concepts.

It is well established that diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause or in combination with hypertensive nephropathy are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed and developing countries. For this review, we used a variety of sources by searching through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Current Content and Iran Medex from January 1990 up to December 2014. Manuscripts published in English and Persian languages, as full-text articles, and or as abstract were included in the study.

Stability of renal function in spite of low glomerular filtration rate: a case report.

Introduction: Chronic renal dysfunction is a progressive and irreversible process in kidney function, which often resulted in chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic renal failure (CRF). Range of CKD is varying from proteinuria and renal failure to CRF.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old man presented with stage 4 CKD for 7 years; the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine levels remained constant despite no change in his weight.

Vasopressin and prevention of hypotension during hemodialysis.

Context: The occurrence of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) during hemodialysis (HD) continues to be a main problem in patients with ESRD (end-stage kidney disease). It also negatively affects health-related quality of life. We aimed to determine vasopressin effect in decreasing IDH.

Comparison of survival in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis.

Although the life expectancy of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has improved in recent years, it is still far below that of the general population. In this retrospective study, we compared the survival of patients with ESRD receiving hemodialysis (HD) versus those on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The study was conducted on patients referred to the HD and PD centers of the Emam Khomini Hospital and the Aboozar Children's Hospital from January 2007 to May 2012 in Ahvaz, Iran.

Epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Background: Many studies have been done on the epidemiology of Hepatitis E on general population, but the data among patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are few and give conflicting results.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and its relationship in ESRD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on ESRD patients treated with HD in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz city, Southwest of Iran.

The theme of the world diabetes day 2014; healthy living and diabetes; a nephrology viewpoint.

Annually, on November 14, the world diabetes day (WDD) is celebrated. WDD is a campaign led by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and its member associations throughout the world. It was created in 1991 by IDF and World Health Organization (WHO) in response to increasing concerns about the intensifying threat of diabetes worldwide.

Dose kidney transplant nephrectomy stop disease progression in plasma exchange resistant post transplant hemolytic uremic syndrome? A case report.

Background: Two different case reports, which have been published previously, suggested that bilateral nephrectomy can improve sever and refractory hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in adults without a history of transplantation. At this study, kidney transplant nephrectomy in a patient with sever post transplant HUS was investigated.

Case: Patient was a 55 years old man with a single small size kidney and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

A review article: access recirculation among end stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Background: The presence of arterio-venous (A-V) fistula recirculation among hemodialysis (HD) patients markedly decrease adequacy of dialysis.

Objectives: The present article summarize some of observations about clinical significance, causes, the most common techniques for measurement, and main source of pitfall in calculation of access recirculation.

Materials And Methods: A variety of literature sources such as PubMed, Current Content, Scopus, Embase, and Iranmedex; with key words such as inadequate dialysis and arterio-venous fistula access recirculation were used to collect current data.

Erythropoietin; a review on current knowledge and new concepts.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. However, despite to new routes of dialysis, mortality and morbidity is high. One of the most common symptom of CKD is anemia, especially is more obvious in stages 3 and 4.

The effect of pentoxifylline on reduction of proteinuria among patients with type 2 diabetes under blockade of angiotensin system: a double blind and randomized clinical trial.

Although blockade of renin-angiotensin system have been cited as the first line of therapy for the management of diabetic nephropathy (DN), however in a substantial number of patients, progression of renal disease are not completely halted by these agents. We have conducted a double blinded clinical trial to assess the additive effect of pentoxifylline on reduction of proteinuria among patients with type 2 DM under blockade of angiotensin system. The dosage of PTX used in our trial was at a low dosage of 400mg daily and to our knowledge, we did not found article which evaluated the antiproteinuric effect of pentoxifylline in this dosage.

Long-term survival of patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis: a multicenter study in Iran.

Introduction: Although maintenance dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease prevents death from uremia, patient survival remains an important issue. This study is the first in Iran to evaluate long-term survival of patients with ESRD.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1861 patients with ESRD referred to 12 hemodialysis centers in Khuzestan province, Iran.