Basilar invagination and atlantoaxial dislocation as a complication of severe dystrophic cervical kyphosis correction in neurofibromatosis type 1: Report of a rare case and review of literature.

Introduction And Importance: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) affects the musculoskeletal system as well as the cervical spine. It is associated with severe, progressive cervical kyphosis. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice to avoid neurological impairment and malalignment.

Posterior-Only Approach for Management of Complete Posterior Displaced Type II Odontoid Fracture.

Odontoid fracture (OF) is one of the most common spinal fractures. Type II in D'Alonzo's classification is still the most common and should be considered unstable unless proven otherwise. Thus, surgical stabilization has received significant attention.

Surgical Decompression of Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament through Posterior Approach: A Case Report.

Thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a rare condition that is mainly accompanied by cervical OPLL or ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum. In case of causing neurological manifestations, it is preferred to treat the condition surgically. Several surgical procedures were introduced, including anterior, posterior, or combined approaches.

Posterior-only approach for treatment of irreducible traumatic Atlanto-axial dislocation, secondary to type-II odontoid fracture; report of a missed case, its management and review of literature.

Introduction And Importance: Odontoid fracture (OF) is among the most common and challenging cervical spine fractures in regards to the treatment and surgical approach. Atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD) is considered a significant complication after failed non-surgical treatment of OF. Traditionally, it requires anterior odontoidectomy followed by posterior C1-C2 reduction and fusion.

The combination treatment of methylprednisolone and growth factor-rich serum ameliorates the structural and functional changes after spinal cord injury in rat.

Study Design: Preclinical pharmacology.

Objectives: Our study aims to evaluate the combined effect of Methylprednisolone (MP) and growth factor-rich serum (GFRS) on structural and functional recovery in rats following spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham group (laminectomy); SCI group (the spinal cord clip compression model); SCI-MP group (30 mg/kg MP was administrated intraperitoneally (IP) immediately after SCI); SCI-GFRS group (GFRS (200 µl, IP) was administrated for six consecutive days); and SCI-MP + GFRS group (the rats received MP (30 mg/kg, IP) immediately after SCI, and GFRS (200 µl, IP) for six consecutive days).

Spinal Ganglioneuroma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Spinal ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign tumors that often manifest as symptoms related to the compression of neural elements. The preferred treatment for affected patients is surgical resection, which typically improves symptoms and accompanies a low likelihood of tumor recurrence. We conducted a systematic review of reports of GNs involving the spinal cord and nerve roots, examining their clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes.

Sacrectomy with Posterior-Only Approach in Sacral Tumors: An Analysis of 26 Cases and Review of Literature.

Background: Sacral masses can be removed using anterior, posterior, or combined approaches. Achieving total sacrectomy through a posterior-only approach results in a shorter procedure time, minimal tissue damage, and a reduced risk of complications. In this study, we aimed to share our experience with performing total sacrectomy using a posterior-only approach in 26 patients and to assess their clinical outcomes at our center.

Atypical Scheuermann's disease with severe kyphosis and negative sagittal balance in the thoracolumbar region: A case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Scheuermann's kyphosis is a structural deformity of the thoracolumbar spine that is classified in typical (thoracic) and atypical (lumbar and thoracolumbar) Scheuermann's disease. Surgical intervention is reserved for those with progressive kyphosis, intractable pain and neurological impairment. Although, previous literature focuses on the correction of the thoracic kyphosis (TK), recent lines of evidence recommend considering all the sagittal balance parameters when performing a surgery.

A case report: Bilateral reconstruction of C2 lateral masses with expandable titanium cages following axis (C2) solitary plasmacytoma resection with 2-year follow-up.

Background: Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) caused the collapse/destruction of the C2 vertebral body in a 78-year-old male. To provide sufficient posterior stabilization, the patient warranted lateral mass fusion to supplement the bilateral pedicle/screw rod instrumentation.

Case Description: A 78-year-old male presented with neck pain alone.

A less aggressive approach to the treatment of aggressive vertebral hemangioma of the thoracic spine: A case report and literature review.

Background: Different treatments are available for aggressive vertebral hemangioma [AVH], but a consensus is yet to be reached about the best therapeutic approach.

Purpose: To explore the possibility that selecting a less aggressive therapeutic approach for AVH decreases the intraoperative and postoperative complications while providing similar clinical, radiographic, and disease-free survival results to more aggressive therapeutic methods.

Study: We report the case of an AVH of the thoracic spine at the T5 level, treated via perioperative selective arterial embolization plus surgical decompression via laminectomy and reconstruction with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) vertebroplasty.

Paroxysmal slow-wave discharges in a model of absence seizure are coupled to gamma oscillations in the thalamocortical and limbic systems.

Objective: Using the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) model of absence seizures in Long-Evans rats, this study investigated if gamma (30-160 Hz) activity were cross-frequency modulated by the 2-6 Hz slow-wave discharges induced by GBL in the limbic system. We hypothesized that inactivation of the nucleus reuniens (RE), which projects to frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus, would affect the cross-frequency coupling of gamma (γ) in different brain regions.

Methods: Local field potentials were recorded by electrodes implanted in the FC, ventrolateral thalamus (TH), basolateral amygdala (BLA), nucleus accumbens (NAC), and dorsal hippocampus (CA1) of behaving rats.

Diagnostic Value of Blood Oxygen Saturation and Serum C-Reactive Protein Level in Predicting Lung Sequels in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Infected Patients: A 12-week Cohort Study.

Background: Evidence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory sequels is restricted and predisposing factors are not well studied more than two years passing pandemic. This study followed COVID-19 patients 12 weeks after discharge from hospital for respiratory sequels.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study on discharged COVID-19 patients in 2021, in Jahrom, Iran.

A pilot study of neuroprotective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Although neuroprotective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been shown in rats exposed to carbon monoxide (CO), this pilot clinical trial was performed to assess the feasibility of treatment with G-CSF in patients with acute CO poisoning. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial was conducted on twenty-six patients with acute CO poisoning. G-CSF (90 μg/kg) was administered intravenously for 72 h.

Idiopathic spinal cord herniation at the cervicothoracic junction level presenting with unilateral sensory symptoms.

Idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) most commonly occurs through a ventral dural defect at the midthoracic levels with a predilection to affect middle-aged females. It can have various presentations, the most common of which are Brown-Séquard syndrome and spastic paraparesis. Due to its rarity in clinical practice, the diagnosis of ISCH can be challenging to physicians unfamiliar with this entity.

The Comparative Effects of Dexamethasone, Nanocurcumin, and Coenzyme Q10 Against Lumbar Laminectomy-Induced Epidural Fibrosis in a Rat Model.

Background: One of the major problems in neurosurgical procedures is fibrosis formation. Therefore, the prevention of fibrosis is an important issue in spinal cord injury that needs to be addressed. No approved therapy has yet been found, and epidural fibrosis (EF) is a huge treatment challenge.

Metastatic thoracic and lumbar intramedullary and extramedullary Ewing's sarcoma: a rare case report and literature review.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that occurs mainly in young children and adolescents and is associated with primary and metastatic disease. Intramedullary ES (either primary or secondary) is rare, and the ideal management remains inconclusive. We herein report intramedullary and extramedullary metastatic ES in a single patient.

Resection of Bilateral Symmetrical Multiple Level Cervical Ganglioneuroma in a 43-Year-Old Man, a Probable Case of Neurofibromatosis Type-1: Report of a Case and Review of Literature.

Ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor, originating from sympathetic nervous system. Intradural and dumbbell shape spinal ganglioneuroma has been reported in the literature. In this study, we intend to present our case, a 43-year-old man with multiple cutaneous dimples-probably a Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) case-and subacute myelopathy, who presented with bilateral symmetric dumbbell shape C2/C3 and C4/C5 intradural extramedullary tumors.

Alternative approach to treatment of unusual site giant cell tumor at cervical spine: A case report and review of literature.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is an intermediate malignant bone tumor which mostly involves long extremity bones, less commonly involving the spine with sacral predominance. Cervical spine involvement is rare. According to literature, the selective approach for the treatment of GCT is en bloc resection with spinal reconstruction.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) stimulated and P2X7 receptor activated by COVID-19, as a potential therapeutic target and risk factor for epilepsy.

Based on available evidence, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a neuroinvasive virus. According to the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause epilepsy. In this line, COVID-19 can stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and activate P2X7 receptor.

Simultaneous Association of Variations in the Origin and Diameter of the Left Vertebral Artery in a Patient with a C1 Lateral Mass Tumor.

The anomalous origin of a hypoplastic Left Vertebral Artery (LVA) from the aortic arch is a rare anatomic variant. This study discusses the case of a patient with a C1 lateral mass tumor that surrounded a dominant Right Vertebral Artery (RVA) according to preoperative computed tomography angiography, with a hypoplastic LVA originating from the aortic arch. Surgery was performed, and the patient recovered uneventfully.

Malignant melanoma of parotid glands from a neglected lesion: A case report.

Observing a metastatic malignant melanoma and its primary lesion at the same time is rare. The histopathological detection of any unusual pigmented lesion is critical.

Evaluation of the Cardioprotective Effect of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO), which is well known as silent killer, has many toxic effects on organs with high rate of metabolism such as heart and brain. CO-induced cardiotoxicity resulted in a wide range of disabilities including electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, elevation in level of cardiac enzymes, arrhythmias, impairment of left ventricular and myocardial infarction (MI). Cardio-protective effects of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on infarcted heart was proved previously in various reports.