Granulosa cell insight: unraveling the potential of menstrual blood-derived stem cells and their exosomes on mitochondrial mechanisms in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents a significant challenge in women's reproductive health, characterized by disrupted folliculogenesis and ovulatory dysfunction. Central to PCOS pathogenesis are granulosa cells, whose dysfunction contributes to aberrant steroid hormone production and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction emerges as a key player, influencing cellular energetics, oxidative stress, and steroidogenesis.

Exposure to Low-Frequency Radiation Changes the Expression of Nestin, VEGF, BCRP and Apoptosis Markers During Glioma Treatment Strategy: An Study.

Background: Exposure to physical contamination during chemotherapy, including non-ionizing electromagnetic fields, raises concerns about the widespread sources of exposure to this type of radiation. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive central nervous system tumor that is hard to treat due to resistance to drugs such as temozolomide (TMZ).

Objective: Electromagnetic fields (EMF) and haloperidol (HLP) may have anticancer effects.

Effects of crocin on the enhancement of neurogenesis: Involvement of Notch and CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.

Objectives: Adult neurogenesis, the process of generating new neurons, continues throughout life. Unfortunately, this process is insufficient in pathological conditions and needs to be promoted. Crocin, the active component of saffron, affects neurogenesis and .

Comparing the effects of vitrification, before and after mouse oocyte in vitro maturation on developmental competence, changes in epigenetic regulators and stress oxidative response.

Since the developmental stage of oocyte is a challenging issue in the success of vitrification, this study investigated the effects of vitrification, before and after in vitro maturation, on the survival and maturation rates, developmental competence and the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications. Mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes were divided into four groups: fresh in vitro matured oocytes without vitrification (fIVM), in vitro matured oocytes after vitrification (vIVM), in vitro matured oocytes before vitrification (IVMv). In addition, in vivo matured oocytes (MII) were used as control.

Omega-3 with and without insulin replacement alleviates detrimental effects of type II diabetes on reproductive system of male C57BL/6 mice.

Aims: this study aimed to examine the protective role of omega-3 and insulin on reproductive system of the male mouse model of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially DNA integrity and chromatin quality.

Main Methods: adult age-matched mice were divided into intact, sham, or T2DM groups (n = 7) which received a high-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin. T2DM-induced animals underwent no treatment as diabetic control (T2DM), received omega-3 (T2DM + Omg3), received insulin (T2DM + Ins) and their combination (T2DM + Omg3 + Ins) for 35 days.

Opioid replacement therapy with methadone or buprenorphine effects on male mice reproduction.

Rationale: Opioid use disorders are commonly treated by long-acting agonist opioids including methadone and buprenorphine which could affect various aspects of male reproduction especially spermatogenesis.

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether detoxification with methadone or buprenorphine was associated with reproductive disorders in male mice.

Methods: We orally induced morphine dependence in NMRI male mice, and then performed detoxification programs using either methadone or buprenorphine.

The Effects of Crocin on Bone and Cartilage Diseases.

Crocin, the main biologically active carotenoid of saffron, generally is derived from the dried trifid stigma of L. Many studies have demonstrated that crocin has several therapeutic effects on biological systems through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The wide range of crocin activities is believed to be because of its ability to anchor to many proteins, triggering some cellular pathways responsible for cell proliferation and differentiation.

Effects of melatonin and human follicular fluid supplementation of in vitro maturation medium on mouse vitrified germinal vesicle oocytes: A laboratory study.

Background: Vitrification as the most efficient method of cryopreservation, enables successful storage of oocytes for couples who undergo specific procedures including surgery and chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of in vitro maturation (IVM) methods with vitrified germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes could be improved.

Objective: As melatonin and follicular fluid (FF) might enhance IVM conditions, we used these supplements to assess the maturation rate of vitrified GV oocytes and their artificial fertilization rate.

Cytotoxicity of mancozeb on Sertoli-germ cell co-culture system: Role of MAPK signaling pathway.

Mancozeb (MZB) is a worldwide fungicide for the management of fungal diseases in agriculture and industrial contexts. Human exposure occurs by consuming contaminated plants, drinking water, and occupational exposure. There are reports on MZB's reprotoxicity such as testicular structure damage, sperm abnormalities, and decrease in sperm parameters (number, viability, and motility), but its molecular mechanism on apoptosis in testis remains limited.

Genetic and epigenetic modifications of F1 offspring's sperm cells following in utero and lactational combined exposure to nicotine and ethanol.

It is well established that maternal lifestyle during pregnancy and lactation affects the intrauterine programming of F1 offspring. However, despite the co-use of alcohol and nicotine is a common habit, the effects of exposure to both substances on the reproductive system of F1 male offspring and the underlying mechanisms of developmental programming have not been investigated. The present study aimed to examine pre- and postnatal concurrent exposure to these substances on genetic and epigenetic alterations of sperm cells as well as testis properties of F1 offspring compared with exposure to each substance alone.

Enhancing the Butyrylcholinesterase Activity in HEK-293 Cell Line by Dual-Promoter Vector Decorated on Lipofectamine.

Purpose: Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) serves as a bio scavenger to counteract organophosphate poisoning. It is also a potential drug candidate in several therapeutic fields. Therefore, in the present study, we constructed a new dual-promoter plasmid consisting of (CMV) and human elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) promoters and transfected that into HEK-293 cells using Lipofectamine to enhance the BChE secretion.

Nano-Graphene Oxide-supported APTES-Spermine, as Gene Delivery System, for Transfection of pEGFP-p53 into Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Purpose: Genetic diseases can be the result of genetic dysfunctions that happen due to some inhibitory and/or environmental risk factors, which are mostly called mutations. One of the most promising treatments for these diseases is correcting the faulty gene. Gene delivery systems are an important issue in improving the gene therapy efficiency.

Inhibitor of Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinases 1/4, Can Increase the Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Methotrexate.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of breast cancer treatment, but this method is increasingly affected due to drug resistance. One of the newly discovered factors associated with drug resistance in cancer cells is interleukin receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1).

Photobiomodulation and gametogenic potential of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells.

Recently, light emitting diode (LED) irradiation has been introduced as a new strategy to enhance proliferation and affect differentiation of stem cells. Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal (hWJM) cells have unique characteristics that make them an appropriate source of stem cells for use in basic and clinical applications. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of polarized (PL) and non-polarized (NPL) red light irradiation on gametogenic differentiation of hWJM cells in the presence or absence of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and retinoic acid (RA).

Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Non-Toxic Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Against Oxidative Stress Induced Cell Death: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1.

To investigate the protective effect of preconditioning with non-toxic dose of hydrogen peroxide (HO) as a possible cell signaling molecule, against cell death induced by toxic concentration of HO or by serum deprivation in human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HWJ-MSCs) and underlying mechanisms. HWJ-MSCs were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. After finding non-toxic concentration of HO, cells preconditioning was performed by HO (20 μM) for 12 h and cell tolerance against serum deprivation or toxic levels of HO was assayed by MTT test.