Ca3.1 T-type calcium channels are important for spatial memory processing in the dorsal subiculum.

The dorsal subiculum (dSub) is one of the key structures responsible for the formation of hippocampal memory traces but the contribution of individual ionic currents to its cognitive function is not well studied. Although we recently reported that low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (T-channels) are crucial for the burst firing pattern regulation in the dSub pyramidal neurons, their potential role in learning and memory remains unclear. Here we used in vivo local field potential recordings and miniscope calcium imaging in freely behaving mice coupled with pharmacological and genetic tools to address this gap in knowledge.

The role of frailty in the clinical management of neurofibromatosis type 1: a mixed-effects modeling study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database.

Objective: Frailty embodies a state of increased medical vulnerability that is most often secondary to age-associated decline. Recent literature has highlighted the role of frailty and its association with significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with CNS neoplasms. There is a paucity of research regarding the effects of frailty as it relates to neurocutaneous disorders, namely, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

L-cysteine modulates visceral nociception mediated by the Ca2.3 R-type calcium channels.

Ca2.3 channels are subthreshold voltage-gated calcium channels that play crucial roles in neurotransmitter release and regulation of membrane excitability, yet modulation of these channels with endogenous molecules and their role in pain processing is not well studied. Here, we hypothesized that an endogenous amino acid l-cysteine could be a modulator of these channels and may affect pain processing in mice.

In Situ Study of Molecular Structure of Water and Ice Entrapped in Graphene Nanovessels.

Water is ubiquitous in natural systems, ranging from the vast oceans to the nanocapillaries in the earth crust or cellular organelles. In bulk or in intimate contact with solid surfaces, water molecules arrange themselves according to their hydrogen (H) bonding, which critically affects their short- and long-range molecular structures. Formation of H-bonds among water molecules designates the energy levels of certain nonbonding molecular orbitals of water, which are quantifiable by spectroscopic techniques.