Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Barriers of Nurses Regarding Pain Management in Emergency Department; a KAP Study.

Introduction: Adequate knowledge and positive attitude among nurses are essential for successful pain management as a fundamental aspect of patients' rights. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers of nurses regarding acute pain management in emergency department.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participating nurses were selected using a consecutive sampling technique within a medical university.

Epidemiological Aspects of Opioid Poisoning in Northern Iran: A Registry-Based Clinical Study.

Opioids are a class of drugs that are commonly used to manage pain due to their analgesic and sedative effects. However, the high consumption of opioids in the community has led to an increase in the incidence of overdoses and poisonings caused by various types of these drugs, whether intentional or unintentional. Therefore, comprehending the epidemiological features of patients experiencing opioid poisoning is crucial.

C-Reactive Protein and D-dimer as Prognostic Markers for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To investigate the use of prognostic markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer for clinical outcomes in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with mild head trauma who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Sari, Iran). Data were collected from 2018 to 2019.

Clinical Predictors of Testicular Torsion in Patients with Acute Scrotum; a Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Testicular torsion is an important and critical issue in patients with acute scrotum referring to emergency department (ED). Early detection is very important to save the testicles. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical variables in predicting the presence of testicular torsion.

Aldolase C Profiling in Serum after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: After a traumatic brain injury (TBI), in addition to clinical indices, the serum level of neurological biomarkers may provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic information. The present study aimed to investigate the aldolase C (ALDOC) profile in serum for early diagnosis of brain damage in patients with mild TBI (mTBI) presented to the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods: A single-center prospective cohort study was carried out in 2018-2019 at Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Utilization of the Parenteral Morphine in Emergency Department using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Doses (ATC/DDD) System.

Objective: To evaluate the utilization of the parenteral morphine in Emergency Department (ED) using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Doses (ATC/DDD) system.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, morphine administration was recorded in 4-year time period from January 2013 to December 2016 in the ED of a referral center. The dose of the administered morphine was evaluated using the ATC/DDD system.

The predictive role of amylase and lipase levels on pancreas injury diagnosis in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.

Objectives Despite the low incidence of pancreatic injury in the abdominal blunt trauma (BTA), its early diagnosis is very important; since pancreatic injury is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. However, due to the high association of pancreatic injury with injury of other abdominal organs, its diagnosis may be delayed and complicated. The use of imaging modalities is also subject to limitations for reasons such as cost, unavailability, and harmfulness.

Demographic and epidemiologic evaluation of mushroompoisoning: a retrospective study in 4-year admissions of Razi Hospital (Qaemshahr, Mazandaran, Iran).

Aim Wild mushroom intoxication is a public health problem, which causes a wide range of symptoms: from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to multiple organ failure and death. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of mushroom intoxication in 4-year admissions of Razi Hospital, Qaemshahr, Mazandaran, Iran. Methods Medical records of all identified cases of mushroom poisoning admitted during the period between 2015 and 2018 were extracted and patients' demographic data including age, sex, latency period, season of poisoning, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, prognosis, duration of hospitalization and therapeutic interventions were recorded.

Minor Head Trauma and its Short-term Outcomes Among Elderly Patients: a Prospective Epidemiological Study in North of Iran.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is of the most challenging public health problems.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of mild TBI, frequency of clinically important head injuries identifiable on computed tomography (CT) scans and also short-time outcomes of mild TBI in elderly population in north of Iran.

Patients And Methods: A prospective epidemiological study was conducted at the Emergency department of Imam Khomeini general hospital, Mazandaran, Iran.

The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency nurses: a cross sectional study in northern Iran.

Background And Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders which occurs in response to facing events and accidents accompanied by fear, frustration, and terror. Nurses who worked in the emergency departments witness unpleasant accidents and are exposed to stress and violence more than others. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PTSD among Iranian nurses working in the emergency department.

Investigation of Frequency of the Lethal Triad and Its 24 Hours Prognostic Value among Patients with Multiple Traumas.

Background: Death in multiple trauma (MT) patients is one of the serious concerns of the medical service provider. Any prediction of the likelihood of death on the assessment of the patient's condition is performed using different variables, one of the tools in the triage of patients to determine their condition.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the frequency and the predictive value of death in 24 hours triad of death in patients qualified with multiple traumas admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital.

Comparing the analgesic efficacy of morphine plus ketamine versus morphine plus placebo in patients with acute renal colic: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Renal colic (RC) is a common cause for emergency department visits. This study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of morphine plus ketamine (MK) versus morphine plus placebo (MP) in patients with acute renal colic.

Method: Using a single center, double-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 200 patients were equally and randomly divided to receive 0.

Does co-treatment with ultra-low-dose naloxone and morphine provide better analgesia in renal colic patients?

Objective: This study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of ultra-low-dose intravenous (IV) naloxone combined with IV morphine, as compared to IV morphine alone, in terms of reducing pain and morphine-induced side effects in patients with renal colic.

Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 150 patients aged 34 to 60 years old who presented to the emergency department (ED) with renal colic were randomly allocated to either an intervention group that received ultra-low-dose IV naloxone combined with IV morphine or to a control group that received morphine plus a placebo. The severity of pain, sedation, and nausea were assessed and recorded for all patients at entrance to the ED (T1), then at 20 (T2), 40 (T3), 60 (T4), 120 (T5), and 180 (T6) minutes after starting treatment.

Propofol-fentanyl versus propofol-ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in patients with trauma.

Objective: Many procedures performed in emergency department are stressful and painful, and creating proper and timely analgesia and early and effective assessment are the challenges in this department. This study has been conducted in order to compare the efficacy of propofol and fentanyl combination with propofol and ketamine combination for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in trauma patients in the emergency department.

Method: This is a randomized prospective double-blind clinical trial conducted in the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, a tertiary academic trauma center in northern Iran.

Efficacy and Safety of Morphine and Low Dose Ketamine for Pain Control of Patients with Long Bone Fractures: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of intravenous morphine and a low dose of ketamine on pain intensity of patients with traumatic fractures of the long bones.

Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial was conducted in the adult emergency department (ED) of Emam Khomeini hospital, a tertiary general hospital affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, in Northern Iran, during a 6-month period. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous morphine (0.

Carbon monoxide poisoning in Iran during 1999-2016: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits worldwide with high levels of morbidity and mortality. No inclusive nationally statistics of CO poisoning in Iran is available. The present review aimed to describe and review the pattern of CO poisoning in Iran.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Quick Stick for Identifying Traumatic Patients in Need of Tetanus Prophylaxis; a Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Based on the existing studies, measuring serum level of immunoglobulin for making decisions regarding prescription of tetanus prophylaxis seems logical and cost effective. Therefore, the present study was done with the aim of evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of tetanus quick stick (TQS) in comparison with ELISA method in this regard.

Methods: The present diagnostic accuracy study was carried out on trauma patients presenting to emergency department, who were in need of receiving tetanus prophylaxis due to dirty wounds or injuries.

Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy with Ketorolac and Morphine in Patient with Acute Renal Colic; A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of combination therapy with ketorolac and morphine with monotherapy with each in patients with acute renal colic.

Methods: This triple-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted during a 6-month period from March to September 2014 in Northern Iran. We included 300 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute renal colic and pain score greater than 4 on 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) score.

Determinants of Prolonged Length of Stay in the Emergency Department; a Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Timeliness has been considered as a key domain in quality of emergency department (ED) care and delay in care providing is influential determinants of patient's outcomes. The present study, aimed to evaluate the determinants of prolonged ED length of stay (LOS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using adopted version of the latest form for external evaluation and accreditation of EDs introduced by Iranian Ministry of Health, determinants of prolonged LOS were evaluated in the ED of an educational Hospital.

Does lidocaine as an adjuvant to morphine improve pain relief in patients presenting to the ED with acute renal colic? A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Renal colic (RC) is a common clinical presentation in the emergency department (ED). Prompt and effective pain control is one of the first responsibilities of emergency physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of adding lidocaine to morphine compared to morphine alone in patients presenting to the ED with RC.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ascites Fluid Gross Appearance in Detection of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis.

Introduction: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) as a monomicrobial infection of ascites fluid is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. This study was aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ascites fluid color in detection of SBP in cirrhotic cases referred to the emergency department.

Methods: Cirrhotic patients referred to the ED for the paracentesis of ascites fluid were enrolled.