Advances in glioblastoma multiforme: Integrating therapy and pathology perspectives.

Glioblastoma, a highly lethal form of brain cancer, is characterized by its aggressive growth and resistance to conventional treatments, often resulting in limited survival. The response to therapy is notably influenced by various patient-specific genetic factors, underscoring the disease's complexity. Despite the utilization of diverse treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, many patients experience local relapse, emphasizing the critical need for improved therapeutic strategies to effectively target these formidable tumors.

Non-coding RNAs as Key Regulators of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Targets.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive brain malignancy originating from astrocytes, accounting for approximately 30% of central nervous system malignancies. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiopharmaceutical drugs, the prognosis for GBM patients remains dismal. The aggressive nature of GBM necessitates the identification of molecular targets and the exploration of effective treatments to inhibit its proliferation.

The Next Generation of Drug Delivery: Harnessing the Power of Bacteriophages.

The use of biomaterials, such as bacteriophages, as drug delivery vehicles (DDVs) has gained increasing interest in recent years due to their potential to address the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. Bacteriophages offer several advantages as drug carriers, such as high specificity for targeting bacterial cells, low toxicity, and the ability to be engineered to express specific proteins or peptides for enhanced targeting and drug delivery. In addition, bacteriophages have been shown to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance, which is a major concern in the field of antimicrobial therapy.

How gallic acid regulates molecular signaling: role in cancer drug resistance.

Cancer is one of the deadliest and most heterogeneous diseases. Cancers often develop drug resistance, which can lead to treatment failure or recurrence. Accordingly, anticancer compounds are essential for chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells.

Photonic nanoparticles: emerging theranostics in cancer treatment.

This review explores the potential of photonic nanoparticles for cancer theranostics. Photonic nanoparticles offer unique properties and photonics capabilities that make them promising materials for cancer treatment, particularly in the presence of near-infrared light. However, the size of the particles is crucial to their absorption of near-infrared light and therapeutic potential.

Resveratrol regulates inflammation and improves oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling pathway: Therapeutic and biotechnological prospects.

Usually, in aerobic metabolism, natural materials including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can experience auxiliary injury by oxidative responses. This damage produced by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species has been identified as "oxidative stress." As a natural polyphenol got from red wine and peanuts, resveratrol is one of the most eminent anti-aging mixtures.

The Role of NRF2/KEAP1 Pathway in Glioblastoma: Pharmacological Implications.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) grade IV glioma is the most frequent and deadly intracranial cancer. This tumor is determined by unrestrained progression, uncontroled angiogenesis, high infiltration and weak response to treatment, which is chiefly because of abnormal signaling pathways in the tumor. A member related to the Cap 'n' collar family of keypart-leucine zipper transcription agents-the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulates adaptive protection answers by organized upregulation of many genes that produce the cytoprotective factors.

Comparison of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Induced by Wood Smoke and Tobacco Smoke.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation and decline in lung function. Although tobacco smoke is the leading risk factor for COPD, air contamination by wood-burning smoke is also of great concern. About half of the world's populations, especially in developing countries such as Iran, exploit this energy source for cooking and heating.

Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Targets and Tools.

Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases.

Nrf2 Regulation by Curcumin: Molecular Aspects for Therapeutic Prospects.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (2Nrf2) is an essential leucine zipper protein (bZIP) that is primarily located in the cytoplasm under physiological conditions. Nrf2 principally modulates endogenous defense in response to oxidative stress in the brain.In this regard, Nrf2 translocates into the nucleus and heterodimerizes with the tiny Maf or Jun proteins.

The viral capsid as novel nanomaterials for drug delivery.

The purpose of this review is to highlight recent scientific developments and provide an overview of virus self-assembly and viral particle dynamics. Viruses are organized supramolecular structures with distinct yet related features and functions. Plant viruses are extensively used in biotechnology, and virus-like particulate matter is generated by genetic modification.

Targeting LIN28: a new hope in prostate cancer theranostics.

The mortality and morbidity rates for prostate cancer have recently increased to alarming levels, rising higher than lung cancer. Due to a lack of drug targets and molecular probes, existing theranostic techniques are limited. Human LIN28A and its paralog LIN28B overexpression are associated with a number of tumors resulting in a remarkable increase in cancer aggression and poor prognoses.

Overview of key molecular and pharmacological targets for diabetes and associated diseases.

Diabetes epidemiological quantities are demonstrating one of the most important communities' health worries. The essential diabetic difficulties are including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, inflammation, and retinopathy. Despite developments in glucose decreasing treatments and drugs, these diabetic complications are still ineffectively reversed or prohibited.

Frequency Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Central Region of Iran.

Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease and one of the most widespread diseases in our country. This illness is a significant public health concern in most Iranian provinces. Therefore, it is necessary to study the prevalence and identification of new sources of this problem in many regions of Iran.

An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to endanger world health and the economy. The causative SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a unique replication system. The end point of the COVID-19 pandemic is either herd immunity or widespread availability of an effective vaccine.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived-Exosomes as Effective Factors in Reducing Cytokine Storm Symptoms of COVID-19.

Given that conventional therapies are ineffective for COVID-19, obtained exosomes from stem cells have been proposed as a sustainable and effective treatment. Exosomes are subsets with lengths between 30 and 100 nanometers, and they can be secreted by different cells. Exosomes are containing different types of miRNAs, mRNAs, and different proteins.

Effects of Galbanic Acid on Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis of Glioblastoma Cells Through the PI3K/Akt/MTOR Signaling Pathway.

Background: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. Galbanic acid, a natural sesquiterpene coumarin, has shown favorable effects on cancerous cells in previous studies.

Objective: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of galbanic acid on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of the human malignant glioblastoma (U87) cells.

Wnt/beta-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma: Two Main Targets for Drug Design: A Review.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant astrocytic glioma, accounting for about 90% of all brain tumors with poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis and the improved neuroimaging technologies, surgery, and adjuvant treatments, the clinical prognosis of patients with GBM remains persistently unfavorable. The signaling pathways and the regulation of growth factors of glioblastoma cells are very abnormal.

Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Despite standard multimodality treatment, the highly aggressive nature of GBM makes it one of the deadliest human malignancies. The anti-cancer effects of dietary phytochemicals like curcumin provide new insights to cancer treatment.

Development of an electrochemical process for production of nano-copper oxides: Agglomeration kinetics modeling.

The main objective of this study was the development of a simple, clean, and industrial applicable electrochemical process for production of high pure nano-copper oxides from mining and industrial resources (e.g., ore, spent, slag and wastewater).

Effect of Lidocaine 2% on Bacterial Culture of Bronchial Fluid.

Objective: To evaluate the action of 2% lidocaine on the culture results of bronchial fluid in patients suspected of having lower respiratory tract infections.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran, from November 2014 to November 2015.

Leishmaniasis of the Feet Sole: A Case Report.

Here we report the case of a patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis, who was referred to our clinic in Yazd, Iran. On examining the patient, who was a housekeeper, we found a small plaque in the palmoplantar region due to cutaneous leishmaniasis. She had not any history from an identical case in this patient.

The Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus in the Hemodialysis Patients in Yazd, Iran.

Occult HBV infection of hemodialysis (HD) patients is informative in terms of virus transmission. It may be of clinical importance in HD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-HBc in the HD Patients.

Diagnostic value of sputum adenosine deaminase (ADA) level in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is still a considerable health problem in many countries. Rapid diagnosis of this disease is important, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been used as a diagnostic test. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of ADA in the sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.