Anterior communicating artery aneurysm with concomitant A2 segment triplication and anterior communicating artery fenestration, A rare case series on microsurgical treatment.

Introduction And Importance: There are few cases of multiple simultaneous anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysms with A2 triplication and AComA duplication.

Cases Presentation: (1) A fenestrated AComA with a saccular aneurysm (neck diameter 9 mm; dome height 8 mm) projecting superiorly from the distal AComA branch, as well as an anomalous artery arising from the posterior surface of the same AComA. (2) A duplicate AComA with a saccular aneurysm (neck diameter of 5 mm; dome height of 9 mm) projecting superioposteriorly from the distal AComA branch, as well as an anomalous artery arising from the anterior surface of the same AComA was diagnosed.

The investigation of the frequency of COVID-19 in patients with a history of stroke.

Introduction: The emergence of the coronavirus in 2019 became a global epidemic disease. According to the World Health Organization, people with a history of chronic diseases such as brain stroke are among the main groups at risk of contracting COVID-19. Therefore, this study was performed with the aim of the determination amount of the frequency of contracting COVID-19 in stroke patients.

Evaluation of treatment response results in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus undergoing surgery.

Introduction: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is an important surgical method in the treatment of various forms of adult hydrocephalus and in many cases is more effective than traditional methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of response to treatment in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus undergoing endoscopic third ventriculostomy surgery.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 24 patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

A spontaneous dissecting posterior cerebral artery aneurysm in a 10-month-old female infant: a case report.

Introduction: Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms are a rare group of intracranial aneurysms. Pediatric aneurysms account for approximately 4% of all aneurysms and are commonly associated with an underlying predisposing disorder, such as trauma. In contrast to traumatic aneurysms, spontaneous dissecting cases are pointed out as a rare cause of pediatric aneurysms.

The role and therapeutic applications of exosomes in multiple sclerosis disease.

A range of the central nervous system (CNS) and immune cells are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex autoimmune disease of the CNS. Chronic neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal death are all features of MS, but the disease's molecular mechanisms are unknown. Exosomes are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with a crucial role in cell communication.

Efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with large vessel involvement.

Ischemic stroke is a common disease worldwide and leads to a significant rate of mortality and disability in patients every year, and imposes high costs on the health care system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the invasive method of mechanical thrombectomy for rapid intervention in ischemic stroke patients with large vessel involvement. Patients suspected of having a stroke, who were referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, were examined, and the diagnosis of stroke was confirmed.

Recurrent middle cerebral artery stroke caused by arterial thoracic outlet syndrome and coagulopathy.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is defined as compression of neurovascular components passing the thoracic outlet. While neurologic compression is the most common form, rare cases of arterial comprssion could result in concerning cerebral thromboembolic events. Here we present a 15-year-old female with repeated left hemiparesis and radiologic signs of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in right middle cerebral artery.

The crosstalk among TLR2, TLR4 and pathogenic pathways; a treasure trove for treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetes is correlated with organ failures as a consequence of microvascular diabetic complications, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. These difficulties come with serious clinical manifestations and high medical costs. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most prevalent diabetes complications, affecting at least 50% of diabetic patients with long disease duration.

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and their potential therapeutic applications in diabetic neuropathy.

One of the most common diabetic microvascular complications is diabetic neuropathy (DN). Immune cell infiltration in the peripheral nerve system (PNS), myelin loss, Schwann cell death, and axonal damage are all hallmarks of DN, which is currently believed to be a chronic inflammatory disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found in various types of nervous system cells, including Schwann cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons.

Neurological Complications of COVID-19: A Rare Case of Bilateral Blindness.

Background: There are growing reports of the neurological involvement among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Headache, confusion, and anosmia after olfactory nerve disruption are the most prevalent presentation of the neurological involvement related to COVID-19. However, small numbers of the central nervous system involvement have been reported.

Evaluation of neurosonology versus digital subtraction angiography in acute stroke patients.

Stroke is one of the most common neurological disorders with a high incidence in Middle-eastern regions. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of neurovascular ultrasound to detect of cerebral artery stenosis compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a gold standard method. Eighty patients presenting with symptoms of cerebral ischemia were enrolled in the study.

Neurological features and outcome in COVID-19: dementia can predict severe disease.

The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 22 million people worldwide. Although much has been learned about COVID-19, we do not know much about its neurological features and their outcome. This observational study was conducted on the patients of Imam Hossein Hospital, and 361 adult patients (214 males) with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 from March 5, 2020 to April 3, 2020, were enrolled.

Functional improvement and immune-inflammatory cytokines profile of ischaemic stroke patients after treatment with boswellic acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial.

Ischaemic stroke represents one of the main causes of disability. According to the broad investigations, it is widely assumed that the contribution of inflammatory mediators is strongly involved in its pathogenesis. Hence, it seems that stroke treatment needs more efficient and inflammatory-targeted compounds to modulate inflammatory-related pathways.