Augmented Reality Spine Surgery Navigation: Increasing Pedicle Screw Insertion Accuracy for Both Open and Minimally Invasive Spine Surgeries.

Study Design: Collectively, seven cadavers were instrumented with 124 thoracolumbar pedicle screws using VisAR augmented reality/guidance. Sixty-five screws were inserted into four donors using open dissection spine surgery. Fifty-nine screws were positioned in three donors with a minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) procedure.