Effect of GFRP Stirrup Confinement on the Bond Strength of GFRP-RC Beams.

The current provisions for development length in the ACI 440.11 code disregard the confinement effect provided by stirrups on the bond strength of longitudinal bars and require splice lengths that pose implementation challenges. Given the significant improvement in GFRP material properties, this study investigated the bond strength of sand-coated GFRP bars and proposed a new factor to include the effect of stirrup confinement on the bond-strength provisions.

Photoreduction of atrazine from aqueous solution using sulfite/iodide/UV process, degradation, kinetics and by-products pathway.

Due to its widespread use in agriculture, atrazine has entered aquatic environments and thus poses potential risks to public health. Therefore, researchers have done many studies to remove it. Advanced reduction process (ARP) is an emerging technology for degrading organic contaminants from aqueous solutions.

Assessment of health risk and burden of disease induced by exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in the outdoor air in Tehran, Iran.

The health risk and burden of disease induced by exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in the outdoor air in Tehran, 2019 were assessed based on the data of five fixed stations with weekly BTEX measurements. The non-carcinogenic risk, carcinogenic risk, and disease burden from exposure to BTEX compounds were determined by hazard index (HI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), respectively. The average annual concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in the outdoor air in Tehran were 6.

Health risk assessment of swimming beaches microbial contamination: a case study - Mahmoudabad, Iran.

Waterborne organisms in marine water generally originate from untreated wastewater discharged into the sea. The presence of numerous leisure beaches in Mahmoudabad city, Iran, annually attracts thousands of tourists from all over the country to participate in recreational swimming activities. This study probabilistically characterized the health risks associated with recreational swimming engendered by waterborne pathogens, such as intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli (E.