New Molecular Markers for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide. Biomarkers are an important tool in the early detection of PCa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is one of the oldest biomarkers for the early detection of PCa.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of complications of artificial urinary sphincters in female patients with urinary incontinence due to internal sphincter insufficiency.

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common worldwide rising health issue among women with a prevalence of 5 to 70%. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common subtype of UI. There are different treatments for UI, including AUS (artificial urinary sphincter) implantation, as one of the surgical options for treating SUI.

The Role of Integrative Educational Intervention Package (Monthly ITE, Mentoring, Mocked OSCE) in Improving Successfulness for Anesthesiology Residents in the National Board Exam.

Background: National Board of Anesthesiology (NBA) pass rate is an important and critical step in clinical residency programs.

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the relationship between an integrative educational intervention (IEI) and the relative annual pass rate (RAPR). RAPR is defined as ratio of NBA pass rate of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) to the NBA pass rate of all the anesthesiology residency programs across Iran.

Genetic Polymorphism of Mismatch Repair Genes and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Mismatch repair (MMR) is one of the DNA repair systems that correct mispaired bases during DNA replication errors. Polymorphisms in genes can increase susceptibility to the development of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we investigated mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) -93G>A (rs1800734) and mutS homolog 3 (MSH3) (rs26279) polymorphisms with the risk of PCa.

Evaluation of 4-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism within the 3'UTR of SGSM3 in bladder cancer using mismatch PCR-RFLP method: A preliminary report.

The small G protein signaling modulator 3 (SGSM3) has been shown to be associated with small G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. There is little data regarding the impact of SGSM3 polymorphisms on cancer risk. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of 4-bp insertion/deletion (rs56228771) polymorphism in the 3'UTR of SGSM3 and susceptibility to bladder cancer in a sample of the Iranian population.

Two long non-coding RNAs, Prcat17.3 and Prcat38, could efficiently discriminate benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently appeared as new players in cancer biology. Recently, a number of new prostate cancer-associated lncRNAs has been listed via RNA-seq approach by Mitranscriptome project. By analyzing this data we chose four lncRNAs (Prcat17.

Functional polymorphism at the miR-502-binding site in the 3' untranslated region of the SETD8 gene increased the risk of prostate cancer in a sample of Iranian population.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, bind to the 3' untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of target mRNAs and regulate gene expression. Genetic variations in miRNA binding domains influence the susceptibility to several diseases such as cancer. Several studies investigated the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16917496 T>C within the 3'-UTR of SETD8 on cancer susceptibility, but the results were controversial.

Association between polymorphisms in TP53 and MDM2 genes and susceptibility to prostate cancer.

Tumor protein 53 (), a tumor suppressor gene, is a vital cellular cancer suppressor in multicellular organisms. Murine double minute-2 (MDM2) is an oncoprotein that inhibits TP53 activity. A number of studies have examined the association of and polymorphisms with the risk of common forms of cancer, but the findings remain inconclusive.

Efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy with adult standard size instruments in children under 3 years of age: a 10 years single-center experience.

Background: Using percutaneous nephrolitotomy (PCNL) with large adult instruments in treatment of pediatricurolithiasis is still in debate. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCNL with adult's instrument in treatment of patients less than 3 years old.

Methods: Data on patient characteristics and outcomes for 261 consecutive children undergoing PCNL at a Labbafinejad University Hospital were collected prospectively from September 2006 to February 2016.

Solo Sonographically Guided PCNL under Spinal Anesthesia: Defining Predictors of Success.

Aim. Sonography has been brought in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) as an adjunct to or substitute for X-ray to restrict radiation exposure. This study was designed to investigate the possible predictors for the success of the solo sonographically guided PCNL.

Association between single nucleotide polymorphism in miR-499, miR-196a2, miR-146a and miR-149 and prostate cancer risk in a sample of Iranian population.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are involved in numerous physiological processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human miRNA genes may affect miRNA biogenesis pathway and influence the susceptibility to several diseases such as cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of miR-499 rs3746444, miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-149 rs2292832, and miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a sample of Iranian population.

A Significant Upregulation of miR-886-5p in High Grade and Invasive Bladder Tumors.

Purpose: To investigate the expression alteration of miR-886-5p in bladder tumors and evaluating its expression level as a potential biomarker in this type of cancer.

Materials And Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of bladder tumors belonging to 70 patients whom had been referred to the Shahid Labbafi-Nejad medical center were obtained from the archival collection of pathology department. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, expression levels of miR-886-5p were quantified by a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach.

In Vitro Evaluation of Gd(3+)-Anionic Linear Globular Dendrimer-Monoclonal Antibody: Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents for Prostate Cancer Cell Imaging.

Purpose: Early stage prostate cancer diagnosis is of high global interest. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive modality for early cancer diagnosis, in particular for prostate cancer detection. The research aim is to synthesize a nanodendrimer and its conjugate with C595 monoclonal antibody (mAb C595), against prostate cancer, followed by its chelating with Gd(3+).

Major vascular injury in laparoscopic urology.

Background And Objectives: Major vascular injury is the most devastating complication of laparoscopy, occurring most commonly during the laparoscopic entry phase. Our goal is to report our experience with major vascular injury during laparoscopic entry with closed- and open-access techniques in urologic procedures.

Methods: All 5347 patients who underwent laparoscopic urologic procedures from 1996 to 2011 at our hospital were included in the study.

Growth trends in medical specialists education in Iran; 1979 - 2013.

Over the past 35 years Iran had significant quantitative progress in postgraduate medical education; and growth in specialist's physician workforce supply. Health and medical education policy makers have struggled with many issues related to physician supply, such as determining the sufficient number of physicians workforce and the appropriate number to train; establishing new medical schools; the diversity of specialty programs; efforts to increase the supply of physicians in specialty level in remote and rural areas; and the growing number of female physicians and its impact on health services. After establishment of Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) in Iran, expansion of medical specialty education was a priority.

Achievements in postgraduate urologic education in Iran: a quantitative study.

Purpose: The study focus is on the quantitative achievements in urology education and growth trends in urologic surgical workforce and fellowships by gender since 1979.

Materials And Methods: This comprehensive national quantitative study was performed in Iranian Academy of medical science. The first hand data gathered from The Iran Specialty Training Council of and also from Medical Council of Iran.

Delayed postpercutaneous nephrolithotomy hemorrhage: prevalence, predictive factors and management.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, potential risk factors and management of delayed post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) bleeding.

Material And Methods: Records of 2512 patients who had undergone PCNL from April 2008 to April 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence of delayed post-PCNL hemorrhage and correlation of different variables such as age, body mass index, stone location and burden, surgical approach, type and number of access ports, type of drainage, comorbidities and previous history of stone surgery with postoperative bleeding were assessed.

Co-regulated expression of TGF-β Variants and miR-21 in bladder cancer.

Purpose: To investigate a potential alteration in the expression levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and miR-21 in bladder cancer tissues.

Material And Methods: Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, we examined a potential correlated expression of miR-21 and TGF-β variants in 30 bladder tumors and their marginal/non-tumor biopsy specimens obtained from the same patients.

Results: Our data revealed a significant down-regulation of TGF-β variants (P = .

Comparison of percutaneous nephrolithotomy under spinal versus general anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of spinal anesthesia compared with general anesthesia in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Patients And Methods: One hundred patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score <3 were randomly divided into two groups according to the type of anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was performed using an injection of 0.

Evaluating the expression of oct4 as a prognostic tumor marker in bladder cancer.

Objectives: The key transcriptional regulator Oct4 is one of the self-renewal and differentiation-related factors in cancer stem cells, where it maintains "stemness" state. Cancer stem cells have been identified in a variety of solid malignancies. They are a small population of tumor cells with stem cell characteristics, which are a likely cause of relapse in cancer patients.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in high-risk patients: a single-center experience with more than 350 cases.

Purpose: To assess the surgical outcomes and peri- and postoperative complications following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in high- and low-risk patients according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the patient records of 2,281 cases older than 18 years who had undergone PCNL in the 3 previous years. The patients were divided into two groups: a low-risk group (ASA score 1, 2: 1,922 cases) and a high-risk group (ASA score 3, 4: 359 cases).

Neurologic complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been the preferred procedure for the removal of large renal stones in Iran since 1990. Recently, we encountered a series of devastating neurologic complications during PCNL, including paraplegia and hemiplegia. There are several reports of neurologic complications following PCNL owing to paradoxical air emboli, but there are no reports of paraplegia following PCNL.

Laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy for management of staghorn renal calculi.

Background: Management of staghorn renal stones is still challenging. We present our experience with laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithotomy as an alternative option for management of staghorn renal calculi.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-four patients with staghorn renal calculi underwent 25 laparoscopic anatrophic nephrolithtomy procedures.

Association of G/A polymorphism, rs266882, in AREI region of the prostate-specific antigen gene with prostate cancer risk and clinicopathological features.

Purpose: To determine the association of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 158A/G polymorphism with clinicopathologic characteristics of the disease and prostate cancer (PCa) risk.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and six subjects, including 95 patients with PCa and 111 subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), were recruited in this study. Genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method.