An individualized and multi-segmental bioheat model for predicting local conditions of the human body under various thermal environments.

Thermoregulatory bioheat models have attracted the attention of researchers due to their conformity with the basis of human thermal perception. For this reason, various models have been presented, such as simplified thermoregulatory bioheat (STB), individualized thermoregulatory bioheat (ITB), and multi-segmental thermoregulatory bioheat (MSTB). In the present study and based upon previous models, an individual multi-segment thermoregulatory bioheat (IMTB) model has been introduced.

Effect of resilient architecture in an ancient windmill in the Sistan region on natural ventilation enhancement.

Over centuries different elements have been developed in architectures for ensuring adequate natural ventilation in residential units. This study assesses the different components of an ancient windmill in Sistan, Iran, on the structure's indoor air quality (IAQ) enhancement. Several climatic scenarios have been defined by the wind analysis of Sistan meteorological data and analyzed by CFD.

Assessment of overall body thermal sensation based on the thermal response of local cutaneous thermoreceptors.

In non-uniform environments, different body parts may experience different ranges of physical/environmental parameters. Therefore, to assess the overall thermal sensation in non-uniform environments, the local temperature/thermal sensation of various body parts should be calculated. The local temperature/thermal sensation based on cutaneous thermoreceptor (TRs) responses has been evaluated using MSTB (Multi-Segmental Thermoregulatory Bioheat) model and LTRESP (Local Thermal Response) index in our recent studies.

A new local index for predicting local thermal response of individual body segments.

Physiologically, the thermal sensation/perception of human body is related to the response of cutaneous thermoreceptors (TRs) to the environment. However, the thermal response of skin warm and cold TRs is a function of two important factors: TRs temperatures and their time derivative at the subcutaneous locations of TRs. The available thermal models based on TRs response consider the same sensitivity for all thermal receptors of body.

A new local thermal bioheat model for predicting the temperature of skin thermoreceptors of individual body tissues.

Under non-uniform environments, the human body thermal perception depends on the thermal responses of cutaneous thermoreceptors (TRs) in different body parts. However, skin TRs thermal response includes static and dynamic parts depending on TRs temperature and its change rate, respectively. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the time-dependent temperatures of cutaneous TRs in different body parts.

Developing a new individualized 3-node model for evaluating the effects of personal factors on thermal sensation.

Individual differences, such as weight, height, gender, age, and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), between human subjects can significantly affect body thermoregulatory mechanisms. Therefore, application of common population-based thermal comfort models cannot provide accurate results for an individual's thermal sensation. Based on the standard thermal models, including those of Fanger and Gagge, individual parameters are not considered in the evaluation of thermal sensations.