Publications by authors named "Seyed A A Safavi-Naini"
Article Synopsis
- Large language models (LLMs) in medicine struggle to express uncertainty, which hampers their integration into patient care, necessitating methods to quantify their confidence levels effectively.
- The study evaluated different uncertainty proxies—confidence elicitation, token-level probability, and sample consistency—across multiple models including GPT3.5 and Llama3, using patient scenario datasets for assessment.
- Sample consistency (SC) emerged as the best method for estimating uncertainty, particularly when used with reference cases for recalibration, while verbalized confidence was found to consistently overestimate the model's true confidence.
Article Synopsis
- - The study analyzed COVID-19 severity and outcomes in pregnant versus nonpregnant women, matching 66 pregnant women with 107 nonpregnant women based on age and health conditions.
- - Key findings showed that pregnant women exhibited different laboratory results and radiological signs (like hazy opacities) compared to nonpregnant women, but overall severity and mortality rates were similar (4.62% for pregnant vs. 5.61% for nonpregnant).
- - The research highlights specific differences in laboratory parameters and imaging between the two groups, indicating that pregnancy does not significantly alter COVID-19 severity or mortality outcomes.
Introduction: There are different types of COVID-19 vaccines approved worldwide. Since no national studies focus on vaccine-related adverse reactions and breakthrough cases, this study aimed to investigate the rate of adverse events and COVID-19 infection in medical students in Iran.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included Iranian medical students who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the connection between chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk and four metabolic phenotypes related to obesity and metabolic health, utilizing data from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study over 21 years.
- It categorizes participants based on their body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health, identifying significant CKD incidents and calculating hazard ratios (HR) to assess risk.
- Findings reveal that individuals in the "Metabolically Unhealthy-Obesity" group have the highest CKD risk, emphasizing the importance of addressing weight and metabolic health issues, especially in early adulthood, for preventive health strategies.
Article Synopsis
- This study used a microsimulation approach to analyze how fixed and average Speed Enforcement Cameras (SEC) affect driving safety, focusing on a 6-km highway modeled with SUMO software.* -
- Researchers tested 13,860 scenarios using telematics data from 93,160 trips and found that fixed SECs slightly reduced unsafe driving, while average SECs significantly lowered it by nearly 11%.* -
- Results suggest point-to-point cameras are more effective than fixed ones for reducing crash risks across various traffic conditions, providing a cost-effective method for evaluating SEC effectiveness in different settings, including low-income countries.*
Background: This study investigated the association of atorvastatin use on survival, need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of hospital stay (LOS) among COVID-19 inpatients.
Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between March 20th, 2020, and March 18th, 2021, on patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The unadjusted and adjusted effects of atorvastatin on COVID-19 prognosis were investigated.
Background: Despite the globally reducing hospitalization rates and the much lower risks of Covid-19 mortality, accurate diagnosis of the infection stage and prediction of outcomes are clinically of interest. Advanced current technology can facilitate automating the process and help identifying those who are at higher risks of developing severe illness. This work explores and represents deep-learning-based schemes for predicting clinical outcomes in Covid-19 infected patients, using Visual Transformer and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), fed with 3D data fusion of CT scan images and patients' clinical data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Coronavirus infection can induce the production of inflammatory cytokines leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. It is well-established that interferons (IFNs) are essential in regulating the immune response, thus their effects of IFNs on COVID-19 patients should be subject to investigation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IFN-α alone or in combination with remdesivir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to investigate the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in abnormal body mass index (BMI) groups. A systematic search was carried out on Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus from January 2000 to January 2023. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was assessed using a random-effect model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis large-scale study aimed to investigate the trend of laboratory tests of patients with COVID-19. Hospitalized confirmed and probable COVID-19 patients in three general hospitals were examined from March 20, 2020, to June 18, 2021. The confirmed and probable COVID-19 patients with known outcomes and valid laboratory results were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF(1) Background: In early May 2022, an increasing number of human monkeypox (mpox) cases were reported in non-endemic disparate regions of the world, which raised concerns. Here, we provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of mpox-confirmed patients presented in peer-reviewed publications over the 10 years before and during the 2022 outbreak from demographic, epidemiological, and clinical perspectives. (2) Methods: A systematic search was performed for relevant studies published in Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 1 January 2012 up to 15 February 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe aimed to propose a mortality risk prediction model using on-admission clinical and laboratory predictors. We used a dataset of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to three general hospitals in Tehran. Clinical and laboratory values were gathered on admission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: This study aimed to study the trend, histologic pattern, geographical distribution, and characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and nasopharyngeal neoplasms (NPN) from 2003 to 2017 in Iran.
Materials And Methods: The Ministry of Health and Medical Education collected NPN cases from the corresponding university in each province and stored them in Iran National Cancer Registry (INCR) database. The Joinpoint program calculated the average annual percent change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).
Introduction: As a multisystem illness, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage different organs. This study investigated the effect of electrolyte imbalance (EI), with or without concomitant renal dysfunction, on the prognosis of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.
Methods: We evaluated 499 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, without a history of chronic kidney disease.
The early impact of COVID-19 vaccination on deaths among elderly people in Iran.
Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench
January 2022
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on understanding the demographics and clinical data of COVID-19 patients in Iran, especially their relationship with death rates and case fatality rates (CFR) from March 2020 to March 2021.
- Out of 5,318 patients analyzed, the median age was 60, with prevalent comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, and common symptoms including cough, dyspnea, and fever identified.
- Key predictors of death from COVID-19 included factors like older age, lowered consciousness, high comorbidity count, and ICU admissions, indicating the importance of identifying these predictors to improve patient care and outcomes.
Objective: The actual impact of the pandemic on COVID-19 specific mortality is still unclear due to the variability in access to diagnostic tools. This study aimed to estimate the excess all-cause mortality in Iran until September 2021 based on the national death statistics.
Results: The autoregressive integrated moving average was used to predict seasonal all-cause death in Iran (R-squared = 0.
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), a rare malignant disorder, occurs as a result of abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes that produce immunoglobulin M. In rare cases, WM complicates by type I cryoglobulinemia. Type I cryoglobulinemia usually presents with cutaneous manifestations such as Raynaud's phenomenon, purpura, necrosis, and gangrene.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Predicting the outcomes of COVID-19 cases using different clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters is one of the most interesting fields of research in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between chest computed tomography (CT) scan findings and outcomes of COVID-19 cases.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on confirmed COVID-19 cases with clinical manifestations and chest CT scan findings based on Iran's National Guidelines for defining COVID-19.