The effects of different vasovasostomy techniques on motility of vas deferens (vas motility following vasovasostomy).

Purpose: Vasovasostomy is used to correct vas deferens (VD) transections encountered during surgery or to reverse sterilization vasectomies. Achieving vasal patency is the primary goal and the success is assessed on various factors including VD patency, flow rates, and pregnancy rates. While preserving vas motility is not a major concern in surgical practice, it is worth noting that VD has peristaltic activity which plays crucial role during ejaculation.

Effects of ghrelin on sulfite induced changes in lipid peroxidation, spatial memory, and locomotor activity in rats.

Background: Humans are constantly exposed to sulfites and their derivatives, both endogenously and exogenously. Recent studies have shown that sulfite and its derivatives can cause oxidative stress. .

Effects of epoxygenases on the nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxant responses induced by electrical field stimulation in rabbit corpus cavernosum.

We aimed to investigate the effects of epoxygenases on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-mediated nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and NO-independent nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) relaxations in isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum. The tissues of 20 male adult albino rabbits (2.5-3 kg) were suspended in organ baths containing aerated Krebs solution, and isometric contractions were recorded.

Evaluation of mTOR signaling pathway proteins in rat gastric mucosa exposed to sulfite and ghrelin.

Background/aims: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling serves as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. In this study, we planned to evaluate the expressions of mTOR signaling constituents (p-p70S6K, p-mTOR, and p-Tuberin) in rat gastric mucosa and to compare the results in sulfite- and sulfite+ghrelin-exposed groups.

Materials And Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: the control group (C), the sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) (S) group, and sulfite+ghrelin (SG) group.

The effect of endothelin receptor antagonists in the endotoxin-induced uveitis rabbit model.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Bosentan (non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist) and BQ123 (ET receptor antagonist) on intraocular inflammation in an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rabbit model.

Methods: Uveitis was induced by intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The animals were divided into 7 groups and there were six rabbits in each group (saline, saline and ethanol, bosentan, BQ123, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bosentan and LPS, BQ123 and LPS-injected groups).

The effects of hydrogen sulfide on electrical field stimulation-induced neurogenic contractile responses in isolated rabbit lower esophageal sphincter: Contribution of nitrergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic transmission.

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gaseous signaling molecule that, similar to nitric oxide (NO), plays an important role as an inhibitor neurotransmitter in the digestive tract. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HS and to identify neurogenic contraction responses dependent on the electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the isolated lower esophageal sphincters of rabbits.

Methods: An isolated lower esophageal sphincter was placed in an organ bath system and mechanical responses were recorded using a force transducer.

Effects of chronic l-DOPA administration on neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in rabbit corpus cavernosum.

Background: Dopamine is a crucial central neurotransmitter that plays a fundamental role in the autonomic and somatic components of penile reflexes in animals and humans. Similar to the erectile responses of dopamine, systemic administration of l-DOPA induces yawning and penile erection in some species. The possible effects of l-DOPA on nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and -independent non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation responses mediated by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and endothelium-dependent relaxation were investigated in this study.

Induction of omega 6 inflammatory pathway by sodium metabisulfite in rat liver and its attenuation by ghrelin.

Background: Sodium metabisulfite is commonly used as preservative in foods but can oxidize to sulfite radicals initiating molecular oxidation. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone primarily produced in the stomach and has anti-inflammatory effects in many organs. This study aimed to assess endogenous omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in rat peripheral organs following sodium metabisulfite treatment and determine the possible effect of ghrelin on changes in n-6 inflammatory pathway.

Induction of xanthine oxidase activity, endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase activation by sodium metabisulfite in rat liver and their attenuation by Ghrelin.

Sodium metabisulfite is used as a preservative in many food preparations but can oxidize to sulfite radicals initiating molecular oxidation. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone primarily produced in the stomach and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. This study was performed to elucidate the effect of ghrelin on sulfite-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and caspase activation in rat peripheral organs.

Effect of the Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist eritoran on retinochoroidal inflammatory damage in a rat model of endotoxin-induced inflammation.

Purpose: We investigated the effect of eritoran, a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, on retinochoroidal inflammatory damage in an endotoxin-induced inflammatory rat model.

Methods: Endotoxin-induced inflammatory model was obtained by intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Ghrelin inhibits sodium metabisulfite induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat gastric mucosa.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of ghrelin administration on sulfite induced oxidative and apoptotic changes in rat gastric mucosa. Forty male albino Wistar rats were randomized into control (C), sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) treated (S), ghrelin treated (G) and, Na2S2O5+ghrelin treated (SG) groups. Sodium metabisulfite (100 mg/kg/day) was given by gastric gavage and, ghrelin (20 μg/kg/day) was given intraperitoneally for 5 weeks.

Establishment of a primary pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma cell line: in vitro responsiveness to some chemotherapeutics.

Background: Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is an aggressively growing, malignant, and eventually fatal tumor of the central nervous system. Testing chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity under in vitro conditions would be a useful strategy to determine sensitive or resistant drugs for fatal brain cancers.

Objective: To establish primary cell cultures of excised tumor tissue from pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-bearing patients and to test their sensitivity against various anticancer chemotherapy drugs.

Sodium metabisulfite induces lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in rat gastric tissue.

Sodium metabisulfite (Na( 2)S(2)O(5)) is used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in a variety of drugs and functions as a preservative in many food preparations. This study was performed to elucidate the dose-dependent effects of sodium metabisulfite ingestion on rat gastric tissue apoptotic changes and lipid peroxidation. Forty male wistar rats, aged 3 months were used.

Effect of a chloride channel inhibitor, 5-nitro-2- (3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate, on endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction in rabbit basilar artery.

Aim: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm. Chloride (Cl-) channels exist in vascular smooth muscle and activation of these channels leads to depolarization and contraction. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), a Cl- channel antagonist, on the ET-1-induced cerebral vasospasm in rabbit basilar artery and thus investigate the contribution of Cl- channels.

The protective role of anandamide in mesenteric ischemia reperfusion injury in guinea pig.

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia is an entity characterized by rapid developing of circulatory failure. Reperfusion following ischemia causes further mucosal injury.

Methods: In our study, an experimental model of 15 minutes of reperfusion following 45 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion was established.

Prolonged cold storage diminishes the 5-hydroxytryptamine- and potassium chloride-mediated contractions of rat thoracic aorta.

Hypothermic preservation of the organ for transplantation causes vascular damage; therefore, the preservation of vascular function is important for the organs to function correctly after transplantation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of prolonged cold storage (72 hours) on vascular responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and potassium chloride (KCl), each of which causes receptor-dependent and receptor-independent contractions, respectively. We also examined the protective roles of superoxide dismutase (SOD), L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide, iloprost, a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin I(2) with vasodilator functions, or endothelium removal for vascular responses.

Sodium nitroprusside as a nitric oxide donor in a rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of sodium nitroprusside in the reduction of the intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury as a nitric oxide donor after intraperitoneal administration.

Methods: The histopathological examinations and tissue malonyldialdehyde levels of 35 Wistar albino rats that were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, were performed in 5 groups. The groups include Control, Ischemia -reperfusion, Sodium nitroprusside, NG-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) and Sodium nitroprusside+L-NAME.

The effects of varicocele and its surgical correction on vas deferens motility.

Varicocele is the abnormal dilation of venous pampiniform plexus and internal spermatic vein. Its prevalence in the adolescent period is almost equal to the prevalence of adult age. That is why the disease is accepted to appear in early adolescence and does not disappear spontaneously.

Effects of leptin on stress-induced changes of caspases in rat gastric mucosa.

Background: In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin on caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 immunoreactivity and lipid peroxidation in the stomachs of rats exposed to cold-restraint stress.

Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar Albino rats were used. Rats pretreated with leptin (10 microg/kg per day for 7 days) were restrained in a wire cage for 4 h at 4 degrees C.

Examination of the rescue effects of folic acid on derangement of the tubo-ovarian ultrastructural architecture caused by methotrexate.

The purpose of this examination was to observe the effects of folic acid (FA) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced derangements in the fallopian tubes. Investigators in this study sought to explore whether MTX-induced dysfunction in the fallopian tubes would be lessened by the addition of FA to MTX treatment. For this study, 18 albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, each of which comprised 3 rats; 0.

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors appear to improve wound healing in endotoxemic rats: An investigator-blinded, controlled, experimental study.

Background: Although inflammation is a normal part of wound healing, if the inflammatory response is excessive the repair process might be prolonged. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in healing inflammation and wounds.

Objective: Endotoxins and cytokines associated with sepsis induce NO synthesis in the tissues.

Regulation of fibrogenesis during the early phase of common bile duct obstruction.

Background: Both nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins have been proposed as inhibitor substances involved in collagen deposition in the hepatic parenchyma. The possible reciprocal connections between NO and eicosanoids in the development of liver fibrosis were investigated during the initial phase of common bile duct obstructions.

Methods: A total of 30 male albino guinea pigs were randomly and equally assigned to three groups.

The effect of systemic leptin administration on aorta smooth muscle responses in diabetic rats.

Leptin produces effects in central nervous system and peripheral tissues via its specific receptors. Leptin also stimulates nitric oxide release in a concentration-dependent manner. In this study, our aim was to test the hypothesis that whether leptin has a modulatory role on endothelium or smooth muscle function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Effects of dexfenfluramine on serotonin levels of mice ileum, contractility, glutathione and malondialdehyde level.

Unlabelled: Dexfenfluramine is one of the anorectic drugs that suppresses food intake which acts via inhibition of reuptake of serotonin into brain terminal. Gastrointestinal tract is the main source of peripheral serotonin which is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. During the use of anorectic drugs, the antioxidant defence is affected especially by reactive oxygen species.

Effects of intrathecal anandamide on somatosensory evoked responses in rats.

Anandamide, endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors produces similar effects of cannabinoids via CB1 receptors in the central nervous system. Its effect on ascending pathways of somatosensory conduction and somatosensory cortex is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anandamide on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP).