Large scale sequence-based screen for recessive variants allows for identification and monitoring of rare deleterious variants in pigs.

Most deleterious variants are recessive and segregate at relatively low frequency. Therefore, high sample sizes are required to identify these variants. In this study we report a large-scale sequence based genome-wide association study (GWAS) in pigs, with a total of 120,000 Large White and 80,000 Synthetic breed animals imputed to sequence using a reference population of approximately 1,100 whole genome sequenced pigs.

Classification of breed combinations for slaughter pigs based on genotypes-modeling DNA samples of crossbreeds as fuzzy sets from purebred founders.

In pig production, the production animals are generally three- or four-way crossbreeds. Reliable information regarding the breed of origin of slaughtered pigs is useful, even a prerequisite, for a number of purposes, e.g.

Efficiency when scanning old ophthalmologic slides.

Objective: To digitise our old archive and evaluate the efficiency of this task, both in medical and economic terms.

Material And Methods: All slides and negatives (8254) archived in our clinic were collected, digitised with a 5-megapixel slide scanner. The images were taken from 1972 to 1999.

Working memory capacity development through childhood: A longitudinal analysis.

Working memory is an often studied and important psychological construct. The growth of working memory capacity (WMC) in childhood is described as linear. Average adult WMC is estimated as either four or five "chunks.

DAPA-RWE: a retrospective multicenter study comparing dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated under routine clinical practice in Spain.

Weight reduction and glycemic control are key goals during Type 2 diabetes management. However, there are few country-specific, real-world data on cotransporter 2 inhibitors. DAPA-RWE was a retrospective, multicenter study comparing the efficacy of dapagliflozin versus sitagliptin in Type 2 diabetes patients in Spain.

Anaerobic Digestion for Producing Renewable Energy-The Evolution of This Technology in a New Uncertain Scenario.

Anaerobic digestion is a well-known technology with wide application in the treatment of high-strength organic wastes. The economic feasibility of this type of installation is usually attained thanks to the availability of fiscal incentives. In this review, an analysis of the different factors associated with this biological treatment and a description of alternatives available in literature for increasing performance of the process were provided.

Home care ophthalmology: A growing need.

Introduction: It is estimated that the dependent population is on the rise, with many of them unable to have hospital care due to mobility problems.

Purpose: To determine the ophthalmic needs of this population, as well as to establish an examination protocol, using our experience.

Material And Methods: All cases of home care in Ophthalmology from 2011 to 2018 in Hospital do Salnés (Galicia) were collected retrospectively.

Genome-wide association studies for heat stress response in Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred cattle.

Heat stress is an important issue in the global dairy industry. In tropical areas, an alternative to overcome heat stress is the use of crossbred animals or synthetic breeds, such as the Girolando. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses for heat stress in an experimental Gir × Holstein F population.

Genetic correlations between growth performance and carcass traits of purebred and crossbred pigs raised in tropical and temperate climates1.

In pig breeding, selection commonly takes place in purebred (PB) pigs raised mainly in temperate climates (TEMP) under optimal environmental conditions in nucleus farms. However, pork production typically makes use of crossbred (CB) animals raised in nonstandardized commercial farms, which are located not only in TEMP regions but also in tropical and subtropical regions (TROP). Besides the differences in the genetic background of PB and CB, differences in climate conditions, and differences between nucleus and commercial farms can lower the genetic correlation between the performance of PB in the TEMP (PBTEMP) and CB in the TROP (CBTROP).

Giant cell arteritis and usefulness of a predictive calculator.

Introduction: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory disease with serious visual sequelae, in which the diagnosis with the temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is very important.

Material And Methods: All cases of GCA were collected from 2010 to 2016 (60) in a retrospective study with temporal artery biopsy performed. The vision aspects of these patients were also analysed, along with the need / predictability of the biopsy.

Genomic Evaluation for a Crossbreeding System Implementing Breed-of-Origin for Targeted Markers.

The genome in crossbred animals is a mosaic of genomic regions inherited from the different parental breeds. We previously showed that effects of haplotypes strongly associated with crossbred performance are different depending upon from which parental breed they are inherited, however, the majority of the genomic regions are not or only weakly associated with crossbred performance. Therefore, our objective was to develop a model that distinguishes between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) strongly associated with crossbred performance and all remaining SNP.

Effects of alleles in crossbred pigs estimated for genomic prediction depend on their breed-of-origin.

Background: This study investigated if the allele effect of a given single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for crossbred performance in pigs estimated in a genomic prediction model differs depending on its breed-of-origin, and how these are related to estimated effects for purebred performance.

Results: SNP-allele substitution effects were estimated for a commonly used SNP panel using a genomic best linear unbiased prediction model with breed-specific partial relationship matrices. Estimated breeding values for purebred and crossbred performance were converted to SNP-allele effects by breed-of-origin.

Genotype by feed interaction for feed efficiency and growth performance traits in pigs.

A major objective of pork producers is to reduce production cost. Feeding may account for over 75% of pork production costs. Thus, selecting pigs for feed efficiency (FE) traits is a priority in pig breeding programs.

Genome-wide association studies for tick resistance in Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred cattle: A deeper look into this intricate mechanism.

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the main cattle ectoparasite in tropical areas. Gir × Holstein crossbred cows are well adapted to different production systems in Brazil. In this context, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses for R.

Effect of feeding cereals-alternative ingredients diets or corn-soybean meal diets on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing gilts and boars.

Pig-breeding businesses have resulted in global breeding programs that select pigs to perform well on high-energy high-protein diets, which are traditionally based on corn and soybean meal. Nowadays, there is a shift toward diets based on cereals and co-products, therefore, high dietary inclusion of co-products can modify the expected performance of these pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a cereals-alternative ingredients diet (CA-diet) compared to a corn-soybean meal diet (CS-diet) on the growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics of genetically similar growing-finishing gilts and boars.

Genetic correlations between feed efficiency traits, and growth performance and carcass traits in purebred and crossbred pigs.

Selection for feed efficiency (FE) is a strategy to reduce the production costs per unit of animal product, which is one of the major objectives of current animal breeding programs. In pig breeding, selection for FE and other traits traditionally takes place based on purebred pig (PB) performance at the nucleus level, while pork production typically makes use of crossbred animals (CB). The success of this selection, therefore, depends on the genetic correlation between the performance of PB and CB (rpc) and on the genetic correlation (rg) between FE and the other traits that are currently under selection.

Correction to: Genomic evaluation for a three-way crossbreeding system considering breed-of-origin of alleles.

After publication of our article [1], we found a typo in the formula to build the genomic relationship matrix using allele frequencies across all genotyped pigs (matrix) and the genomic relationship matrix using breed-specific allele frequencies (matrix), and we noted that the description to this formula is not very clear.

Genomic evaluation for a three-way crossbreeding system considering breed-of-origin of alleles.

Background: Genomic prediction of purebred animals for crossbred performance can be based on a model that estimates effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in purebreds on crossbred performance. For crossbred performance, SNP effects might be breed-specific due to differences between breeds in allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium patterns between SNPs and quantitative trait loci. Accurately tracing the breed-of-origin of alleles (BOA) in three-way crosses is possible with a recently developed procedure called BOA.

Genetic variation for farrowing rate in pigs in response to change in photoperiod and ambient temperature.

Seasonal infertility is often observed as anestrus and a lower conception rate resulting in a reduced farrowing rate (FR) during late summer and early autumn. This is often regarded as an effect of heat stress; however, we observed a reduction in the FR of sows even after correcting for ambient temperature in our data. Therefore, we added change in photoperiod in the analysis of FR considering its effect on sow fertility.

Assigning breed origin to alleles in crossbred animals.

Background: For some species, animal production systems are based on the use of crossbreeding to take advantage of the increased performance of crossbred compared to purebred animals. Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may differ between purebred and crossbred animals for several reasons: (1) differences in linkage disequilibrium between SNP alleles and a quantitative trait locus; (2) differences in genetic backgrounds (e.g.

Empirical determination of breed-of-origin of alleles in three-breed cross pigs.

Background: Although breeding programs for pigs and poultry aim at improving crossbred performance, they mainly use training populations that consist of purebred animals. For some traits, e.g.

A curious fact: Photic sneeze reflex. Autosomical dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome.

Objective: To assess ocular involvement in the pathophysiology of autosomal dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome (ACHOOs).

Methods: An interview was conducted with a Caucasian family that showed clinical features of ACHOOs. Twelve of them had photic reflex and were recruited.

Visual involvement in foreign-body intestinal perforations.

Introduction: Intestinal perforation due to ingestion of a foreign body accounts for 21% of the total in our hospital.

Methods: All cases of intestinal perforation due to foreign body ingestion occurring since 1990 were collected (29 cases), and the visual characteristics of these patients were analysed.

Results And Discussion: The mean age was 74.

Genome-wide association study using deregressed breeding values for cryptorchidism and scrotal/inguinal hernia in two pig lines.

Background: Cryptorchidism and scrotal/inguinal hernia are the most frequent congenital defects in pigs. Identification of genomic regions that control these congenital defects is of great interest to breeding programs, both from an animal welfare point of view as well as for economic reasons. The aim of this genome-wide association study (GWAS) was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with these congenital defects.