2-AG-loaded and bone marrow-targeted PCL nanoparticles as nanoplatforms for hematopoietic cell line mobilization.

Background: The use of mobilizing agents for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is insufficient for an increasing number of patients. We previously reported lipid made endocannabinoid (eCB) ligands act on the human bone marrow (hBM) HSC migration in vitro, lacking long term stability to be therapeutic candidate. In this study, we hypothesized if a novel 2-AG-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanoparticle delivery system that actively targets BM via phosphatidylserine (Ps) can be generated and validated.

A pumpless monolayer microfluidic device based on mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium promotes neonatal mouse in vitro spermatogenesis.

Background: Childhood cancer treatment-induced gonadotoxicity causes permanent infertility/sub-infertility in nearly half of males. The current clinical and experimental approaches are limited to cryopreservation of prepubertal testicular strips and in vitro spermatogenesis which are inadequate to achieve the expanded spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells and spermatogenesis in vitro. Recently, we reported the supportive effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cell co-culture which is inadequate after 14 days of culture in static conditions in prepubertal mouse testis due to lack of microvascular flow and diffusion.

Mesenchymal stem cells promote spermatogonial stem/progenitor cell pool and spermatogenesis in neonatal mice in vitro.

Prepubertal cancer treatment leads to irreversible infertility in half of the male patients. Current in vitro spermatogenesis protocols and cryopreservation techniques are inadequate to expand spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells (SSPC) from testicles. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) bearing a close resemblance to Sertoli cells, improved spermatogenesis in animal models.

Stem Cell Applications in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Progress and Ongoing Challenges.

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are rare inborn errors of metabolism caused by defects in lysosomal function. These diseases are characterized by accumulation of completely or partially degraded substrates in the lysosomes leading to cellular dysfunction of the affected cells. Currently, enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs), treatments directed at substrate reduction (SRT), and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation are the only treatment options for LSDs, and the effects of these treatments depend strongly on the type of LSD and the time of initiation of treatment.

Human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line release of endogenous anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and their antiproliferative effect via exogenous supplementation: an in vitro study.

The level of the major endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are altered in several types of carcinomas, and are known to regulate tumor growth. Thusly, this study hypothesized that the HEp-2 human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cell line releases AEA and 2-AG, and aimed to determine if their exogenous supplementation has an anti-proliferative effect in vitro. In this in vitro observational study a commercial human LSCC cell line (HEp-2) was used to test for endogenous AEA and 2-AG release via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

G-CSF treatment of healthy pediatric donors affects their hematopoietic microenvironment through changes in bone marrow plasma cytokines and stromal cells.

Although G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation is commonly used in adults, bone marrow (BM) is still the preferred stem cell source in pediatric stem cell transplantation. Despite the fact that G-CSF is increasingly being used to enhance the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) yield in BM transplantation (G-BM), the direct effects of G-CSF on the pediatric BM microenvironment have never been investigated. The BM hematopoietic niche provides the physical space where the HSPCs reside.

Effect of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in experimental kaolin induced syringomyelia model.

Background: Syringomyelia is a pathological cavitation of the spinal cord. In this study, we examined whether a syrinx cavity would limit itself with axonal regeneration and stem cell activity in the cavity, and we evaluated subjects on a functional basis.

Methods: Groups were designated as kaolin, trauma, kaolin-trauma, and saline groups.

Leptin promotes proliferation of neonatal mouse stem/progenitor spermatogonia.

Purpose: To keep and increase spermatogonial stem cell number (SSC) is the only available option for pediatric cancer survivors to maintain fertility. Leptin is secreted by the epididymal white adipose tissue and has receptors on stem/progenitor spermatogonia. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate dose- and time-dependent proliferative effect of leptin on stem/progenitor spermatogonia cultures from prepubertal mice testes.

Neurological Regulation of the Bone Marrow Niche.

The bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic niche is the microenvironment where in the adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are maintained and regulated. This regulation is tightly controlled through direct cell-cell interactions with mesenchymal stromal stem (MSCs) and reticular cells, adipocytes, osteoblasts and endothelial cells, through binding to extracellular matrix molecules and through signaling by cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors. These interactions provide a healthy environment and secure the maintenance of the HSPC pool, their proliferation, differentiation and migration.

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells in mucolipidosis type II (I-cell disease).

Mucolipidosis type II (ML-II, I-cell disease) is a fatal inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. A characteristic skeletal phenotype is one of the many clinical manifestations of ML-II. Since the mechanisms underlying these skeletal defects in ML-II are not completely understood, we hypothesized that a defect in osteogenic differentiation of ML-II bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) might be responsible for this skeletal phenotype.

The Effect of Boron-Containing Nano-Hydroxyapatite on Bone Cells.

Metabolic diseases or injuries damage bone structure and self-renewal capacity. Trace elements and hydroxyapatite crystals are important in the development of biomaterials to support the renewal of bone extracellular matrix. In this study, it was assumed that the boron-loaded nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite composite supports the construction of extracellular matrix by controlled boron release in order to prevent its toxic effect.

Stem Cell and Advanced Nano Bioceramic Interactions.

Bioceramics are type of biomaterials generally used for orthopaedic applications due to their similar structure with bone. Especially regarding to their osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity, they are used as biodegradable scaffolds for bone regeneration along with mesenchymal stem cells. Since chemical properties of bioceramics are important for regeneration of tissue, physical properties are also important for cell proliferation.

Magnetic-Based Cell Isolation Technique for the Selection of Stem Cells.

Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is the technology that is recently used as a magnetic-based cell isolation/purification technique. This technique enables the isolation and selection of germ, hematopoietic, and somatic stem cells including skin stem cells (SkSCs). Here, we have tried to describe the isolation of stem cells by MACS using CD34 antigen for SkSCs, again CD34 for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and Thy-1 for spermatogonial stem cells (SpSCs).

Comparison of Hematopoietic and Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niches from the Regenerative Medicine Aspect.

Recent advances require a dual evaluation of germ and somatic stem cell niches with a regenerative medicine perspective. For a better point of view of the niche concept, it is needed to compare the microenvironments of those niches in respect to several components. The cellular environment of spermatogonial stem cells' niche consists of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, vascular endothelial cells, epididymal fat cells, peritubular myoid cells while hematopoietic stem cells have mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, megacaryocytes, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and adipocytes in their microenvironment.

DICER1 gene and miRNA dysregulation in mesenchymal stem cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are key components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The contribution of this microenvironment to the pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not well defined. A recent study in mice demonstrated that DICER1 gene deletion in osteoprogenitor cells from the BM microenvironment suppressed osteogenic differentiation and induced MDS and AML-like haematological findings.

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells secrete endocannabinoids that stimulate in vitro hematopoietic stem cell migration effectively comparable to beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a well-known hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-mobilizing agent used in both allogeneic and autologous transplantation. However, a proportion of patients or healthy donors fail to mobilize a sufficient number of cells. New mobilization agents are therefore needed.

Endocannabinoids modulate apoptosis in endometriosis and adenomyosis.

Adenomyosis that is a form of endometriosis is the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue within the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium), which may cause dysmenorrhea and infertility. Endocannabinoid mediated apoptotic mechanisms of endometriosis and adenomyosis are not known. We hypothesized that the down regulation of endocannabinoid receptors and/or alteration in their regulatory enzymes may have a direct role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenomyosis through apoptosis.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus could inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis derived CXCL8 attenuation.

Unlabelled: An increasing body of evidence suggests that the use of probiotic bacteria is a promising intervention approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a polymicrobial etiology. P. gingivalis has been noted to have a different way of interacting with the innate immune response of the host compared to other pathogenic bacteria, which is a recognized feature that inhibits CXCL8 expression.

Biomaterial and Stem Cell Interactions: Histological Biocompatibility.

Advancements in biomaterials and stem cell technology have lead current medical technology to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Human engineered cartilage, bone, fascia, tendon, nerve and skin tissues have been used for the treatment of tissue injuries and degenerative diseases in combination with embryonic, fetal or adult stem and progenitor cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are one of the most extensively studied adult stem cell population and are widely utilized in cell therapies.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Nano-Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration.

Orthopedic disorders and trauma usually result in bone loss. Bone grafts are widely used to replace this tissue. Bone grafts excluding autografts unfortunately have disadvantages like evoking immune response, contamination and rejection.