Gastroprotective effect of vanillic acid against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats: involvement of the NF-κB signalling and anti-apoptosis role.

Background: Vanillic acid (VA; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) is a flavouring agent found in various natural sources such as olives, fruits, and green tea. While VA exhibits numerous pharmacological effects, its potential protective effects against gastric injury warrants further investigation. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to elucidate investigate the gastroprotective properties of VA against ethanol-induced gastric injury.

Neuropeptide W protects against ovarian oxidative injury and reinforces ovarian steroidogenic activity via the upregulation of ERα expression.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of neuropeptide W (NPW) on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative injury and ovarian steroid metabolism.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into control and ischemia groups that received either saline or NPW (0.1 or 5 μg/kg/day).

Peripheral administration of neuropeptide W inhibits gastric emptying in rats: The role of small diameter afferent fibers and cholecystokinin receptors.

Neuropeptide W (NPW), a novel hypothalamic peptide, contributes to the central regulation of food intake and energy balance, and suppresses feeding behavior when administered centrally. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of peripherally administered NPW in the modulation of gastric emptying, and to evaluate the participation of afferent fibers, cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors and gastric smooth muscle contractility in the regulatory effects of NPW on gastric motility. In Sprague-Dawley male rats equipped with gastric fistula, gastric emptying rate of the saline and peptone solutions was measured following subcutaneous administration of NPW (0.

Neuropeptide W Exhibits Preventive and Therapeutic Effects on Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis via Modulation of the Cyclooxygenase Enzyme System.

Background: The novel peptide neuropeptide W (NPW) was originally shown to function in the control of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the putative preventive and therapeutic effects of NPW on colitis-associated oxidative injury and the underlying mechanisms for its action.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats in the acute colitis groups received NPW (0.

Melatonin Alleviates Ovariectomy-Induced Cardiovascular Inflammation in Sedentary or Exercised Rats by Upregulating SIRT1.

We aimed to evaluate the impact of hormone replacement, melatonin, or exercise alone or their combination on oxidative damage and functional status of heart, brain, and aorta of ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to determine whether the signaling pathway is dependent on sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats were orally given either a hormone replacement therapy (1 mg/kg/day,17β estradiol; HRT) or melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) or HRT + melatonin treatments or tap water, while each group was further divided into sedentary and exercise (30 min/5 days/week) groups. After the heart rate measurements and memory tests were performed, trunk blood was collected at the end of the 10th week to determine metabolic parameters in serum samples.

Nesfatin-1 ameliorates oxidative brain damage and memory impairment in rats induced with a single acute epileptic seizure.

Aims: We aimed to investigate putative neuroprotective effects of nesfatin-1 on oxidative brain injury and memory dysfunction induced by a single epileptic seizure and to compare these effects with those of antiepileptic phenytoin.

Main Methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into a control group and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-seizure groups pretreated intraperitoneally (ip) with saline or nesfatin-1 (NES-1; 0.3, 1 or 3 μg/kg/day) or phenytoin (PHE; 40 mg/kg/day) or PHE + NES-1 (0.

Neuropeptide W Attenuates Oxidative Multi-Organ Injury in Rats Induced with Intra-Abdominal Sepsis.

Sepsis leads to systemic hypotension, disturbed perfusion, inflammation, and tissue toxicity in vital organs. Neuropeptide W (NPW) has modulatory effects in the control of blood pressure and inflammatory processes, implicating a potential beneficial effect against sepsis-induced oxidative damage. Under anesthesia, male Sprague Dawley rats underwent cecal ligation and puncture.

High-fat Diet Enhances Gastric Contractility, but Abolishes Nesfatin-1-induced Inhibition of Gastric Emptying.

Background/aims: Gastrointestinal motility changes contribute to development and maintenance of obesity. Nesfatin-1 (NES-1) is involved in central appetite control. The aim is to elucidate effects of NES-1 and high-fat diet (HFD) on gastrointestinal motility and to explore myenteric neuron expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in HFDinduced oxidative injury.

Sleeve gastrectomy-induced endocrine changes in the remnant stomachs of premenopausal and postmenopausal rats: role of the estrogen receptors.

Background: Although alterations in the plasma levels of leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and gastrin were linked with bariatric surgery outcomes, gastric production of these peptides was not elucidated before.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the impact of estrogen depletion and estrogen receptors (ERs) on sleeve gastrectomy (SG)-induced alterations in gastric hormone production, gastric mucosal integrity, and bone mass.

Setting: Physiology Research Lab at the University.

Regular moderate exercise alleviates gastric oxidative damage in rats via the contribution of oxytocin receptors.

Key Points: A moderate level of exercise has beneficial effects for the prevention of gastric ulcers. Although regular aerobic exercise was shown to elevate serum oxytocin levels and exogenously administered oxytocin exerts an anti-ulcer activity, the role of endogenous oxytocin in the gastroprotective effects of exercise has not yet been elucidated. We showed that increased anxiety and oxidative gastric damage induced by gastric ulcers were reversed in pre-exercised rats, while reduced hypothalamic oxytocin expression and decreased myenteric oxytocin receptor expression due to gastric ulcers were abolished by exercise.

Oestrogen receptor ERα and ERβ agonists ameliorate oxidative brain injury and improve memory dysfunction in rats with an epileptic seizure.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Could different hormonally active substances, including oestrogen receptor (ER) agonists, protect against oxidative brain damage and memory impairment induced by a single epileptic seizure in rats? If so, which signalling mechanisms are involved in their anti-inflammatory effects? What is the main finding and its importance? Chronic administration of oestrogen, progesterone, ER modulators/agonists or blockade of testosterone exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions on single seizure-induced neuronal injury, while ER agonists additionally improved memory function and up-regulated CREB signalling and hippocampal GABA(A)α1 receptor density, suggesting that ERα or ERβ receptor activation may be beneficial in protecting against seizure-related oxidative brain injury and cognitive dysfunction.

Abstract: The susceptibility to epileptic seizures is dependent on sex as well as fluctuations in oestrogen levels, while exogenous oestrogen was shown to have no effect or to facilitate or to inhibit seizure activity. Oestrogen receptors (ERs) mediate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in several inflammatory models, but the involvement of ERs in seizure-induced neuronal injury has not been evaluated previously.

Ischemic Preconditioning and Iloprost Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Jejunal Flaps: An Animal Model.

Background: Free jejunal flaps are among the most commonly used flaps for esophageal reconstruction. However, ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by warm ischemia seen during transfer limits their use. Iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, has been shown to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in various organs.

The effects of antibiotics and melatonin on hepato-intestinal inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis induced by a short-term high-fat diet consumption in rats.

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption leads to metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis. Antibiotics also disrupt the composition of intestinal microbiota. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a short-term feeding with HFD on oxidative status, enteric microbiota, intestinal motility and the effects of antibiotics and/or melatonin treatments on diet-induced hepato-intestinal dysfunction and inflammation.

Treatment with estrogen receptor agonist ERβ improves torsion-induced oxidative testis injury in rats.

Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and sperm function-preserving effects of estrogen, estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ agonists in a rat model of testis torsion-detorsion (T/D).

Main Methods: Under anesthesia, 6-8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham-operation or testicular torsion by fixing left testis rotated at 720° for 2 h. After detorsion, rats were treated with ERα agonist (1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously, sc) or ERβ agonist (1 mg/kg/day, sc) or estradiol (E, 1 mg/kg/day, in drinking water) or vehicle on the following two days.

Nesfatin-1 ameliorates testicular injury and supports gonadal function in rats induced with testis torsion.

Testicular torsion causes ischemia-reperfusion injury and an increased risk of infertility. Nesfatin-1 is a novel peptide with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the putative beneficial effects of nesfatin-1 on oxidative injury and impaired testicular function induced by testis torsion.

A New Explanation of Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Respect to Claudin-5, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, and Neuroserpin.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between neuroserpin (NSP) and claudin-5, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), with respect to clinical activity of disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients And Methods: The study included a total of 75 patients (18 males, 57 females; mean age 48.12±11.