The effect of silencing the Tip60 gene on the response to radiotherapy in breast cancer cells.

Since patients with triple-negative breast cancer do not respond to hormone therapy, the main treatment method is the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Because the DNA of the tumor cell is the target in both some chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, problems may occur in individuals with a high DNA repair pathway. It is suggested that high expression of the Tip60 gene, which has an important role in repairing DNA damage, will increase the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in tumor cells, especially during radiotherapy treatment, thus reducing the response to treatment and adversely affecting treatment.

Investigation of mRNA Expression Levels of Tip60 and Related DNA Repair Genes in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer.

Introduction: Studies in breast cancer (BC) have been shown that many tumor cells carry mutations that disrupt the DNA damage response mechanism. In eukaryotic cells, the overexpression or deprivation of DSBs repair genes is linked closely to a higher risk of cancer.

Patients And Methods: In this study, mRNA expression levels of some genes, such as Tip60, ATM, p53, CHK2, BRCA1, H2AX, which are associated with DNA damage repair, were measured using RT-PCR method in tumor and matched-normal tissues of 58 patients with BC.

New therapy strategies in the management of breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths after lung cancer, is the most common cancer type among women worldwide. BC comprises multiple subtypes based on molecular properties. Depending on the type of BC, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are the current systemic treatment options along with conventional chemotherapy.

Individual susceptibility has a major impact on strong association between oxidative stress, defence systems and Parkinson's disease.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which causes Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress products, antioxidant and their balance have important roles in the development of oxidative stress-based PD. The impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defence systems can be altered by genetic polymorphisms, and thus the risk of PD may also be affected.

An overview of microtubule targeting agents for cancer therapy.

The entire world is looking for effective cancer therapies whose benefits would outweigh their toxicity. One way to reduce resistance to chemotherapy and its adverse effects is the so called targeted therapy, which targets specific molecules ("molecular targets") that play a critical role in cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. One such specific target are microtubules.

Correlation Between Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Activity and Glutathione Levels in Molecular Subgroups of Breast Cancer.

Objective: The gamma-glutamyl cycle catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) plays an important role in glutathione (GSH) homeostasis in the cell. In cells continuously exposed to the drug, the main phase of the enzymatic detoxification is the conjugation of the drug with GSH catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Conjugation of drugs with GSH is the first step in the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance.

Normal and Tumour Tissue mRNA Expressions of Telomerase Complex Genes in Several Types of Cancer.

Aims: To investigate the changes in mRNA expression levels of telomerase-related significant proteins in several types of cancer.

Methods: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase, pontin, reptin and dyskerin expressions were measured in normal and tumour tissues obtained from 26 patients with colorectal, breast and gastric cancers, using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method.

Results: For all patients, no significant difference was found in mRNA expressions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and dyskerin (p>0.

Influence of gender on C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in obstructive sleep apnea.

Inflammation is one of the pathophysiological pathways suggested for the development of cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The recurrent nocturnal episodes of hypoxia/reoxygenation observed in patients with OSA appear to be partly responsible for the systemic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inflammation by measuring the C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the OSA according to gender.

Variability of total thiol compounds, oxidative and nitrosative stress in uncomplicated pregnant women and nonpregnant women.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the changes in total plasma thiols (homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinylglycine), lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide concentrations during normal pregnancy.

Methods: These variables were measured in 28 uncomplicated pregnant women at first, second and third trimesters and in 19 nonpregnant women.

Results: The mean concentrations of homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinylglycine were significantly lower in all trimesters of pregnancy compared with nonpregnant controls.

Increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and its relationship with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant vitamins in lung cancer.

Background: Reactive oxygen species produced either endogenously or exogenously can attack lipids, proteins and DNA in human cells and cause potentially deleterious consequences. In recent years, their role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and the preventive effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively. In this study, our aim was to investigate the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) and malondialdehyde as a marker for the effects of reactive oxygen species on DNA and lipids, the levels of antioxidant vitamins and the correlations between these oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in lung cancer.

Circulating nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine, and oxidative status in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with episodic hypoxia-reoxygenation is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, increased homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), oxidative status, and decreased nitric oxide levels have been implicated as possible mechanisms for development of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate changes in the levels of these substances in patients with OSAHS in comparison with nonapneic controls.

Usefulness of homocysteine as a cancer marker: total thiol compounds and folate levels in untreated lung cancer patients.

Background: Apart from being a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, the latest research suggests homocysteine as a marker for cancer. We aimed to explore the clinical utility of plasma homocysteine levels as a marker in lung cancer.

Patients And Methods: Changes in serum total thiols and folate levels were investigated in newly diagnosed untreated lung cancer patients (n = 37) and compared with healthy controls (n = 26).

Assessment of homocysteine, neopterin and nitric oxide levels in Behçet's disease.

Background: Behçet's disease is a multisystemic immunoinflammatory disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations, whereas recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a local oral disease. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of homocysteine levels in patients with active Behçet's disease, possible association of homocysteine with nitric oxide and neopterin levels, and to characterize the differences between patients with Behçet's disease and those with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in terms of these parameters compared with healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 23 patients with active Behçet's disease, 25 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis as positive controls, and 21 healthy subjects were included in this study.

Increased plasma homocysteine and allantoin levels in coronary artery disease: possible link between homocysteine and uric acid oxidation.

Objective: Homocysteine increases the damage to the cardiovascular system in different ways, one of them is the formation of reactive oxygen species resulting from the auto-oxidation of homocysteine. At the same time, uric acid is one of the major antioxidants in the plasma and protects the cells towards increased ROS activity. In humans, allantoin is only formed from non-enzymatic oxidation of uric acid by free radicals.

The association between total antioxidant status and oxidative stress in Behçet's disease.

There has recently been growing evidence supporting the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD). In this study, we aim to evaluate total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidative stress (TOS) in BD patients, and compare their results both with controls that had recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and healthy controls. TAS statistically decreased in RAS patients, and TOS levels increased in BD and RAS patients than those in healthy controls.

Urate oxidation during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and thrombolysis in patients with coronary artery disease.

Thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are kinds of procedures that can be used to restore the blood flow of previously ischemic myocardium that can be the result of excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite. Reaction of urate with some of these potent oxidants results in allantoin production. In this study, we measured the serum allantoin levels, an oxidation product of urate, and "in vivo" marker of free radical generation in reperfusion of ischemic myocardium.

Oxidation of uric acid in rheumatoid arthritis: is allantoin a marker of oxidative stress?

Free radicals are implicated in many diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer and also in rheumatoid arthritis. Reaction of uric acid with free radicals, such as hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) results in allantoin production. In this study, we measured the serum allantoin levels, oxidation products of uric acid, as a marker of free radical generation in rheumatoid arthritis.

The role of plasma thiol compounds and antioxidant vitamins in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Background: Increased levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) are associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These thiol compounds can generate various free radicals and so cause endothelial dysfunction. Antioxidant vitamins are effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent endothelial dysfunction.