Inflammatory protein levels in asthmatic bronchitis: A study in the Duhok population, Iraq.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the levels of TNF-α, IGF-1, IL-6, and IL-10 protein in blood samples and their potential link to bronchitis-asthma diseases in the Iraq Duhok population, highlighting the prevalence of these long-term inflammatory diseases.

Methods: Sixty blood samples were used and separated into patients (n = 43) and control (n = 17) groups. Serum samples were separated for each individual.

The combination of metformin and high glucose increased longevity of a DAF-16/FOXO-independent manner: cancer/diabetic model via .

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyles and diets with high glycemic indexes are considered to be contributing factors to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes in humans. Metformin, a biguanide medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, has been observed to be associated with longevity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation are still unknown.

Methods: The effects of metformin and high glucose, which have important roles in aging-related disease such as diabetes and cancer, were studied in lin-35 worms because they are associated with cancer-associated pRb function in mammals and have a tumour suppressor property.

Hypoxia and Normoxia Preconditioned Olfactory Stem Cells Against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

Objective: Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the leading causes of permanent hearing loss in the adult population. In this experimental study, the authors aimed to investigate the effectiveness of hypoxia and normoxia preconditioned olfactory stem cells against noise trauma.

Methods: Twenty-seven female guinea pigs were enrolled.

The effect of magnesium sulfate on memory and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model: an investigation of its neuronal molecular mechanisms.

Background: Anxiety is an adaptive response to potentially threatening conditions. Excessive and uncontrolled anxiety responses become nonadaptive and cause anxiety disorders. To better understand the anxiety-modulating effects of Mg sulfate, behavioral test batteries in the assessment of anxiety and learning and memory functions were performed simultaneously over a time period.

Molecular diversity of clinical isolates: antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and biofilm formation.

One of the mechanisms responsible for antibiotic resistance in is the enzymes produced by the bacteria; another important mechanism is the ability to form biofilm. In this study, antibiotic resistance, genes associated with virulence, and biofilm-forming properties of strains were investigated. A total of 100   isolates were obtained from different clinical samples identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry.

Effects of metformin and ganirelix on subcutaneous endometriosis in a mouse model of autophagy-related cell death.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of metformin and ganirelix on subcutaneous endometriotic tissues created in an experimental mouse model.

Materials And Methods: Five groups were formed with eight animals in each group. One of the groups was set as the control group.

Piperazin incorporated Schiff Base derivatives: Assessment of in vitro biological activities, metabolic enzyme inhibition properties, and molecular docking calculations.

The cytotoxic activities of the compounds were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in human breast cancer (MCF-7), human cervical cancer (HeLa), and mouse fibroblast (L929) cell lines. The compounds MAAS-5 and four modified the supercoiled tertiary structure of pBR322 plasmid DNA. MAAS-5 showed the highest cytotoxic activity in HeLa, MCF-7, and L929 cells with IC50 values of 16.

Natural antioxidants from some fruits, seeds, foods, natural products, and associated health benefits: An update.

Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules and protect the body from the effects of free radicals, produced either by normal cell metabolism or as an effect of pollution and exposure to other external factors and are responsible for premature aging and play a role in cardiovascular disease. degenerative diseases such as cataracts, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. While many antioxidants are found in nature, others are obtained in synthetic form and reduce oxidative stress in organisms.

Pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential of natural compounds in neuropsychiatric disorders: An update.

Neuropsychiatric diseases are a group of disorders that cause significant morbidity and disability. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Various medicinal plants are frequently used as therapeutics in traditional medicine in different parts of the world.

The effects of thymoquinone on pancreatic cancer: Evidence from preclinical studies.

Thymoquinone (TQ) is a secondary metabolite found in abundance in very few plant species including Nigella sativa L., Monarda fistulosa L., Thymus vulgaris L.

A Review on : Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities and Health-Promoting Effects.

is a genus of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to the Commelinaceae family and organized into three infrageneric classifications and 12 sections. More than 80 species within the genus have been used for centuries for medicinal purposes. Phytochemical compounds (from various species of the genus) such as coumarins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids and terpenoids have recently been characterized and described with antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer or antimicrobial properties.

Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Plants including , , and contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues.

The role of Tumour Necrosis Factor in neuroinflammation associated with Parkinson's disease and targeted therapies.

Neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with neuroinflammatory responses that lead to the neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons. These neuroinflammatory mechanisms involve various cytokines produced by the activated glial cells. Tumour Necrosis factor α (TNF α) is one of the major mediators of the neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration.

Evaluation of mutagenesis, necrosis and apoptosis induced by omeprazole in stomach cells of patients with gastritis.

Background: Gastritis is a superficial and prevalent inflammatory lesion that is considered a public health concern once can cause gastric ulcers and gastric cancer, especially when associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, are the most widely used drugs to treat this illness. The aim of the study was evaluate cytogenetic effects of omeprazole in stomach epithelial cells of patients with gastritis in presence and absence of H.

Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites Based on the Regulation of MicroRNAs.

MicroRNA (miRNA), a noncoding ribonucleic acid, is considered to be important for the progression of gene expression in plants and animals by rupture or translational repression of targeted mRNAs. Many types of miRNA regulate plant metabolism, growth, and response to biotic and abiotic factors. miRNA characterization helps to expose its function in regulating the process of post-transcriptional genetic regulation.

-Derived Phytochemicals for Pharmacological and Therapeutic Applications.

belongs to the Urticaceae family and is found in many countries around the world. This plant contains a broad range of phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, sterols, fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and lignans, that have been widely reported for their excellent pharmacological activities, including antiviral, antimicrobial, antihelmintic, anticancer, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiarthritis, antidiabetic, antiendometriosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging effects. In this regard, this review highlights fresh insight into the medicinal use, chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and safety profile of to guide future works to thoroughly estimate their clinical value.

Ellagic Acid: A Review on Its Natural Sources, Chemical Stability, and Therapeutic Potential.

Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate ( L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species.

Ethnopharmacological-Based Validation of Leaf Extract in Neurological, Hyperalgesic, and Hyperactive Gut Disorders Using Animal Models.

(Roxb.) is a plant used to cure coughs, dysentery, fevers, joint aches, rheumatic pain, inflammation, and a variety of skin diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ethyl acetate extract of () leaves and their effects on mice for neuropharmacological, analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities.

Therapeutic Applications of Curcumin in Diabetes: A Review and Perspective.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease with multifactorial causes which requires lifelong drug therapy as well as lifestyle changes. There is now growing scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of the use of herbal supplements in the prevention and control of diabetes. Curcumin is one of the most studied bioactive components of traditional medicine, but its physicochemical characteristics are represented by low solubility, poor absorption, and low efficacy.

A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant and Anti-Infectious Properties of Plants.

The use of phytochemicals is gaining interest for the treatment of metabolic syndromes over the synthetic formulation of drugs. is evolving as one of the important plants which have been vastly studied for its beneficial effects. Various parts of species including the root, stem, leaves, and flower are found rich in numerous phytochemicals.

Nutraceutical Profiling, Bioactive Composition, and Biological Applications of L.

The roots, leaves, and seeds of L., popularly known as Garden cress in different regions, have high economic importance; although, the crop is particularly cultivated for the seeds. In traditional medicine, this plant has been reported to possess various biological activities.

Potent Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibition of Flavone Isolated from Galls.

To prospect an isozyme-specific, effective inhibitor against the physiologically-crucial enzyme phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), phytochemicals from galls were screened. The chloroform fraction of gall extract was subjected to column chromatographic which led to the isolation of compound , elucidated to be 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-chromen-4-one (a flavone). and in silico PDE1 inhibitory activity of the compound was investigated.

Chemical Composition and Therapeutic Potential: A Literature-Based Review.

(L.) is used ethnobotanically for the treatment of various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation of the lungs, bleeding cough, hemorrhoids, intestinal diseases, stomach pain, and uterine cancer. This review is aimed at summarizing phytochemistry and pharmacological data with their molecular mechanisms of action.

Production, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Control of Dengue Virus: A Literature-Based Undivided Perspective.

Dengue remains one of the most serious and widespread mosquito-borne viral infections in human beings, with serious health problems or even death. About 50 to 100 million people are newly infected annually, with almost 2.5 billion people living at risk and resulting in 20,000 deaths.