Production of Peroxymonocarbonate by Steady-State Micromolar HO and Activated Macrophages in the Presence of CO/HCO Evidenced by Boronate Probes.

Peroxymonocarbonate (HCO/HOOCO) is produced by the reversible reaction of CO/HCO with HO ( = 0.33 M, pH 7.0).

Effective Protocol for Daily High-quality Direct Posterior Composite Restorations: Layering and Finishing.

Currently, there is a trend towards simplification of materials and clinical procedures. Simplification and quality can go together if the dentist works with materials and techniques that are well proven in vitro and in vivo. The placement of a high-quality class-1/2 direct posterior composite restoration can be time efficient following a standardized layering protocol and using composite materials that adapt well to the tooth surface and are able to mimic the natural tooth.

Distinct photo-oxidation-induced cell death pathways lead to selective killing of human breast cancer cells.

Lack of effective treatments for aggressive breast cancer is still a major global health problem. We have previously reported that photodynamic therapy using methylene blue as photosensitizer (MB-PDT) massively kills metastatic human breast cancer, marginally affecting healthy cells. In this study, we aimed to unveil the molecular mechanisms behind MB-PDT effectiveness and specificity towards tumor cells.

Lipofuscin in keratinocytes: Production, properties, and consequences of the photosensitization with visible light.

A dysfunction in the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis of cellular homeostasis is proposed to cause cells to age quicker and to accumulate lipofuscin. Typical protocols to mediate lipofuscinogenesis are based on the induction of the senescent phenotype either by allowing many consecutive cycles of cell division or by treating cells with physical/chemical agents such as ultraviolet (UV) light or hydrogen peroxide. Due to a direct connection with the physiopathology of age-related macular degeneration, lipofuscin that accumulates in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells have been extensively studied, and the photochemical properties of RPE lipofuscin are considered as standard for this pigment.

Sudden cardiac death: the finish line as a beginning: a true endurance race in a case report.

Background: The benefits of exercise are well documented. Intensive exercise for more than 4 h per week is associated with cardiovascular remodelling, including increases in ventricular dimensions, wall thickness, and left ventricular mass. These changes are influenced by sex, ethnicity, and type and duration of exercise.

Spectroscopy as a tool to evaluate hair damage and protection.

Objective: Methods that can be used to analyse hair damage and to support a claim of hair protection are important for the cosmetic industry. There are many approaches available, but they are usually laborious and expensive. The researchers propose a simple fluorescence method that is based upon the emissive properties of damaged hair.

Effects of methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma and normal skin.

Background: Photodynamic therapy is used to treat a variety of cancers and skin diseases by inducing apoptosis, necrosis, immune system activation, and/or vascular damage. Here, we describe the effects of a single photodynamic therapy session using methylene blue on a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma and normal skin.

Methods: The photodynamic therapy protocol comprised application of a 1% methylene blue solution, followed by irradiation with a diode laser for 15 min at 74 mW/cm, for a total dose of 100 J/cm.

Direct participation of DNA in the formation of singlet oxygen and base damage under UVA irradiation.

UVA light is hardly absorbed by the DNA molecule, but recent works point to a direct mechanism of DNA lesion by these wavelengths. UVA light also excite endogenous chromophores, which causes DNA damage through ROS. In this study, DNA samples were irradiated with UVA light in different conditions to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the induction of DNA damage.

Cad-cam procedure and implant-prosthetic rehaBilitation. Case report.

Object: The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case in which the CAD-CAM procedure was applied for a prosthetic rehabilitation on implants.

Materials: Digital CAD-CAM production by laboratory of the final restoration.

Results: CAD-CAM production offers the opportunity to easily collaborate with laboratory.

Mechanism of Aloe Vera extract protection against UVA: shelter of lysosomal membrane avoids photodamage.

The premature aging (photoaging) of skin characterized by wrinkles, a leathery texture and mottled pigmentation is a well-documented consequence of exposure to sunlight. UVA is an important risk factor for human cancer also associated with induction of inflammation, immunosuppression, photoaging and melanogenesis. Although herbal compounds are commonly used as photoprotectants against the harmful effects of UVA, the mechanisms involved in the photodamage are not precisely known.

Primary cardiac lymphoma in a patient with concomitant renal cancer.

Primary cardiac lymphoma is defined as non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the heart and/or pericardium. It is a rare cancer that primarily affects the right heart and in particular the right atrium. By contrast, renal cell carcinoma is a relatively common cancer, which in rare circumstances can metastasize to the heart.

Photochemical degradation increases polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) toxicity to the grouper Epinephelus marginatus as assessed by multiple biomarkers.

The effects of halogen-light-irradiated and non-irradiated PAHs on the grouper Epinephelus marginatus were assessed through biomarkers including morphometric parameters, liver histopathology, biliary PAH concentration, genetic alterations, and enzyme activity modulation. E. marginatus juveniles were divided into three groups: control (C), non-irradiated PAHs (PAHs1), and irradiated PAHs (PAHs2).

Heterologous expression of proteorhodopsin enhances H2 production in Escherichia coli when endogenous Hyd-4 is overexpressed.

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a light harvesting protein widely distributed among bacterioplankton that plays an integral energetic role in a new pathway of marine light capture. The conversion of light into chemical energy in non-chlorophyll-based bacterial systems could contribute to overcoming thermodynamic and metabolic constraints in biofuels production. In an attempt to improve biohydrogen production yields, H2 evolution catalyzed by endogenous hydrogenases, Hyd-3 and/or Hyd-4, was measured when recombinant proteorhodopsin (PR) was concomitantly expressed in Escherichia coli cells.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: An important piece in the puzzle of cardiovascular risk factors.

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a clinical entity characterized by recurring episodes of apnea and/or hypopnea during sleep, due to a total or partial collapse, respectively, of the upper airway. This collapse originates a set of pathophysiological changes that determine the appearance of several cardiovascular complications. OSA contributes for the development of hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias and coronary heart disease.

Melanin photosensitization and the effect of visible light on epithelial cells.

Protecting human skin from sun exposure is a complex issue that involves unclear aspects of the interaction between light and tissue. A persistent misconception is that visible light is safe for the skin, although several lines of evidence suggest otherwise. Here, we show that visible light can damage melanocytes through melanin photosensitization and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation, thus decreasing cell viability, increasing membrane permeability, and causing both DNA photo-oxidation and necro-apoptotic cell death.

A systemic disease un…suspected by physical examination.

A 73-year-old man was admitted to the cardiology department with unstable angina. He had a history of macroglossia with 3 years of development, attributed to hypothyroidism. On physical examination, he presented an exuberant macroglossia.

Direct spectrometry: a new alternative for measuring the fluorescence of composite resins and dental tissues.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluorescence intensity of different composite resins and compare those values with the fluorescence intensity of dental tissues. Different composite resins were used to make 10 discs (2 mm in depth and 4 mm in diameter) of each brand, divided into groups: 1) Z (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE), 2) ES (Esthet-X, Dentsply), 3) A (Amelogen Plus, Ultradent), 4) DVS (Durafill-VS, Heraeus Kulzer) with 2 mm composite resin for enamel (A2), 5) OES ([Esthet-X] opaque-OA [1 mm] + enamel-A2 [1 mm]); 6) ODVSI ([Charisma-Opal/Durafill-VSI], opaque-OM (1 mm) + translucent [1mm]), and 7) DVSI ([Durafill- VSI] translucent [2 mm]). Dental tissue specimens were obtained from human anterior teeth cut in a mesiodistal direction to obtain enamel, dentin, and enamel/dentin samples (2 mm).

Retinal artery embolization complicating Libman-Sacks endocarditis in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient.

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (LSE) is the most characteristic cardiac manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is usually clinically silent but heart failure due to valvular dysfunction, secondary infective endocarditis and embolic phenomena can complicate valvular abnormalities. We present a patient with SLE and blindness due to right central retinal artery occlusion.

Rapid screening of potential autophagic inductor agents using mammalian cell lines.

Recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of autophagy has demonstrated its importance in several areas of human health. Affordable screening techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity to identify autophagy are, however, needed to move the field forward. In fact, only laborious and/or expensive methodologies such as electron microscopy, dye-staining of autophagic vesicles, and LC3-II immunoblotting or immunoassaying are available for autophagy identification.

Diguanoside tetraphosphate (Gp₄G) is an epithelial cell and hair growth regulator.

Our goal was to study the effect of Gp₄G on skin tissues and unravel its intracellular action mechanisms. The effects of Gp₄G formulation, a liposomic solution of Artemia salina extract, on several epidermal, depmal, and hair follicle structures were quantified. A 50% increase in hair length and a 30% increase in the number of papilla cells were explained by the changes in the telogen/anagen hair follicle phases.

Singlet molecular oxygen trapping by the fluorescent probe diethyl-3,3'-(9,10-anthracenediyl)bisacrylate synthesized by the Heck reaction.

Singlet molecular oxygen O(2)((1)Δ(g)) is a potent oxidant that can react with different biomolecules, including DNA, lipids and proteins. Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been studied as O(2)((1)Δ(g)) chemical traps. Nevertheless, a suitable modification in the polycyclic aromatic ring must be made to increase the yield of O(2)((1)Δ(g)) chemical trapping.

Generation and suppression of singlet oxygen in hair by photosensitization of melanin.

We have studied the spectroscopic properties of hair (white, blond, red, brown, and black) under illumination with visible light, giving special emphasis to the photoinduced generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). Irradiation of hair shafts (λ(ex)>400 nm) changed their properties by degrading the melanin. Formation of C3 hydroperoxides in the melanin indol groups was proven by (1)H NMR.

Langmuir films of petroleum at the air-water interface.

Understanding the behavior of petroleum films at the air/water interface is crucial for dealing with oil slicks and reducing the damages to the environment, which has normally been attempted with studies of Langmuir films made of fractions of petroleum. However, the properties of films from whole petroleum samples may differ considerably from those of individual fractions. Using surface pressure and surface potential measurements and Brewster angle and fluorescence microscopy, we show that petroleum forms a nonhomogeneous Langmuir film at the air-water interface.

Edematogenic activity of scorpion venoms from the Buthidae family and the role of platelet-activating factor and nitric oxide in paw edema induced by Tityus venoms.

We compared the edematogenic activity of venoms of scorpions from the Buthidae family, Tityus bahiensis (Tbv), Tityus serrulatus (Tsv) and Rhopalurus rochai (Rrv). Three doses (20, 40 and 80 microg/kg sc) of each venom were administrated in hind paw of mice and edema was measured from 5 min to 24 h. Tbv and Tsv both induced edema of rapid onset (135% of increase at 15 min); Rrv induced only a mild edema (40% of increase).