Publications by authors named "Severine Fontaine"
Background: Deciphering the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance is key to devising appropriate strategies against this economically important trait. Myzus persicae, the green peach-potato aphid, is a major pest that has evolved resistance to many insecticide classes, including neonicotinoids. M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmbrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) is a globally invasive, allergenic, troublesome arable weed. ALS-inhibiting herbicides are broadly used in Europe to control ragweed in agricultural fields.
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- - Complex III inhibitors, essential for controlling the grapevine pathogen Plasmopara viticola, are facing resistance issues, particularly from quinone-outside inhibitors, prompting a study from 2012 to 2017 on the sensitivity of these populations in French vineyards.
- - The study revealed a common resistance mechanism linked to the alternative oxidase (AOX) and identified a target-site resistance caused by a specific mutation (S34L) in the cytochrome b gene, first observed in 2015. A method to detect this mutation was developed but its occurrence remains low.
- - Despite the low frequency of the S34L mutation, the ongoing detection of AOX-related resistance over the years indicates a growing threat to the
Article Synopsis
- Myzus persicae is a significant global pest that has developed resistance to most insecticides, particularly neonicotinoids, due to a specific mutation (R81T) in its nerve receptors.
- The study evaluated resistance levels in different clones of M. persicae, finding that homozygous clones with the R81T mutation exhibited notably higher resistance to neonicotinoids compared to other genotypes, while heterozygous clones showed slightly increased resistance.
- The research indicates that the R81T mutation is semirecessive, meaning the wild allele is more dominant, providing critical insights for developing effective pest management strategies against resistant aphid populations.
In 2001, although target site resistance against pyrethroids was wide-spread in clonal populations of Myzus persicae on oilseed rape in France (kdr), target site resistance against carbamates was rare. Starting in 2005, control failure by carbamates appeared. The current study was designed to document changes in insecticide-resistant genotype frequencies in France during the last decade.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWithin the framework of a molecular exploration of target resistance in populations of Myzus persicae on oilseed rapes in France, (1) the S431F mutation (coding gene ace2), although previously reckoned to be rare, revealed to be frequent, (2) M918L (phenotypically characterised) and L932F (both on para) were found for the first time in M. persicae, and (3) a linkage was revealed between M918L and S431F. While until recently populations developing on French oilseed rapes were dominated by genotypes possessing pyrethroid target resistance and esterase overproduction, to date a different type of dominating genotype, equipped with carbamate and pyrethroid target resistance, seems to be invading such fields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Management of grapevine powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schw. requires fungicide treatments such as sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) or mitochondrial inhibitors (QoIs). Recently, reduction in the efficacy of DMIs or QoIs was reported in Europe and the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Genetic resistance to QoI fungicides may account for recent failures to control Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter in French orchards. Two PCR-based assays were developed to detect the G143A point mutation in the fungal mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The mutation is known to confer a high level of resistance to QoI fungicides.
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