Growth and rhGH use in children with congenital chronic kidney disease: a multicentric contemporary study.

Introduction: Growth retardation is common in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and reflects CKD severity. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment was approved for CKD in 1995. We describe here treatment patterns and growth outcomes in children with congenital CKD in three pediatric nephrology departments.

Circulating extracellular vesicle-carried PTP1B and PP2A phosphatases as regulators of insulin resistance.

Aims/hypothesis: Metabolic disorders associated with abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and hyperglycaemia are risk factors for the development of insulin resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in the regulation of metabolic signalling pathways in insulin resistance and associated complications.

Methods: Circulating large EVs (lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs) from individuals with (IR group) and without insulin resistance (n-IR group) were isolated and characterised.

Early glucose abnormalities revealed by continuous glucose monitoring associate with lung function decline in cystic fibrosis: A five-year prospective study.

Background: Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is commonly associated with declining lung function and nutritional status. We aimed to evaluate the pulmonary impact of early glucose abnormalities by using 2-h standard oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF).

Methods: PwCF aged ≥10 years old without known CFRD were included in a five-year prospective multicentre study.

Extracellular vesicles are carriers of adiponectin with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Recent evidence supporting that adipose tissue (AT)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry an important part of the AT secretome led us to characterize the EV-adipokine profile. In addition to evidencing a high AT-derived EV secretion ability that is further increased by obesity, we identify enrichment of oligomeric forms of adiponectin in small EVs (sEVs). This adipokine is mainly distributed at the EV external surface as a result of nonspecific adsorption of soluble adiponectin.

Prevalence of sleep apnoea in patients with type 1 diabetes and its association with comorbidities and diabetic complications: A French nationwide prospective study.

Aim: To investigate sleep apnoea prevalence, factors influencing severity, and associations between sleep apnoea severity and micro-/macrovascular complications in a large population of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This French multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2016 and June 2020. Adults with type 1 diabetes using an insulin pump were eligible.

Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump with Predictive Low-Glucose Suspend (PLGS): Determining Optimal Settings of Pump and Sensor in a Multicenter Cohort of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.

Introduction: The use of predictive low-glucose suspend (PLGS) sensor-augmented pumps has been shown to lead to a significant reduction in hypoglycemic episodes in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but their effects on hyperglycemia exposure are heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to determine the settings of the Medtronic 640G system to obtain the optimal balance between occurrence of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

Methods: The hypo- and hyperglycemia area under the curve (AUC), as well as system settings [hypoglycemic threshold, mean insulin total daily dose (TDD), mean basal insulin percentage, and mean daily duration of PLGS] were collected between 2 and 12 times during 1 year in patients from four university hospital centers.

An Unsafe/Safe Typology in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Bridging Patients' Expectations, Personality Traits, Medication Adherence, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Support programs are provided to people with diabetes to help them manage their disease. However, adherence to and persistence in support programs are often low, making it difficult to demonstrate their effectiveness.

Aim: To identify the determinants of patients' perceived interest in diabetes support programs because it may be a powerful determinant of effective participation in such programs.

Comparison of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Cystic Fibrosis Patients With or Without Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency.

This study aimed to compare continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in cystic fibrosis (CF) according to pancreatic exocrine status.CGM and oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) were realized annually over five years in people with CF (pwCF) aged≥10 years without cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). CGM parameters in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly diagnosed CFRD were compared according to presence of pancreatic sufficiency (PS) or insufficiency (PI).

Association Between the ACE Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Risk of Lower-Limb Amputation in Patients With Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: The ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been widely studied in people with diabetes, albeit not with regard to lower-limb amputation (LLA). We examined associations among this polymorphism, plasma ACE concentration, and LLA in people with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: ACE I/D genotype and plasma ACE were assessed in three prospective cohorts of participants with type 1 diabetes.

I/D Polymorphism, Plasma ACE Levels, and Long-term Kidney Outcomes or All-Cause Death in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: The deletion (D) allele of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is a risk factor for diabetic kidney disease. We assessed its contribution to long-term kidney outcomes and all-cause death in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 1,155 participants from three French and Belgian cohorts were monitored for a median duration of 14 (interquartile range 13) years.

LPS-enriched small extracellular vesicles from metabolic syndrome patients trigger endothelial dysfunction by activation of TLR4.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of interconnected risk factors -hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity- leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can be considered as new biomarkers of different pathologies, and they are involved in intercellular communication. Here, we hypothesize that sEVs are implicated in MetS-associated endothelial dysfunction.

Large Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Rap1 Accumulates in Atherosclerotic Plaques, Correlates With Vascular Risks and Is Involved in Atherosclerosis.

Rationale: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Circulating levels of large extracellular vesicles (lEVs), submicrometer-sized vesicles released from plasma membrane, from MetS patients were shown to induce endothelial dysfunction, but their role in early stage of atherosclerosis and on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) remain to be fully elucidated.

Objective: To determine the mechanisms by which lEVs lead to the progression of atherosclerosis in the setting of MetS.

Association between sleep disturbances, fear of hypoglycemia and psychological well-being in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, data from cross-sectional VARDIA study.

Aim: To assess the relationship between sleep quality, fear of hypoglycemia, glycemic variability and psychological well-being in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Our data were provided by the VARDIA Study, a multicentric cross-sectional study conducted between June and December 2015. Sleep characteristics were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

No association between fear of hypoglycemia and blood glucose variability in type 1 diabetes: The cross-sectional VARDIA study.

Aims: In type 1 diabetes (T1D), treatment efficacy is limited by the unpredictability of blood glucose results and glycemic variability (GV). Fear of Hypoglycemia (FOH) remains a major brake for insulin treatment optimization. We aimed to assess the association of GV with FOH in participants with T1D in an observational cross-sectional study performed in 9 French Diabetes Centres (NCT02790060).

Phenotyping of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in obesity identifies large EVs as functional conveyors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor.

Objective: Obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions are linked to dysregulated production of adipokines. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for fat-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in obesity-metabolic disturbances. Since EVs convey numerous proteins we aimed to evaluate their contribution in adipokine secretion.

Glycosuria amount in response to hyperglycaemia and risk for diabetic kidney disease and related events in Type 1 diabetic patients.

Background: Hyperglycaemia impairs tubulo-glomerular feedback. We tested whether variable tubulo-glomerular feedback during hyperglycaemia contributes to renal risk heterogeneity seen in Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: During the period 1990-92, we studied the tubulo-glomerular feedback in Type 1 diabetic patients at high or low renal risk [21 of 54 with glomerular hyperfiltration and/or microalbuminuria against 11 of 55 with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin despite uncontrolled diabetes].

Increased liver stiffness in patients with severe sleep apnoea and metabolic comorbidities.

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), one of the most accurate noninvasive screening tools for liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.The study included 147 patients with at least one criterion for the metabolic syndrome, assessed by polysomnography for suspected OSA. LSM was performed using transient elastography (FibroScan).

Association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with endothelial dysfunction a main predictor of late cardiovascular (CV) events. Despite the high prevalence of OSA in patients with T2D, the impact of OSA severity on endothelial function has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether increasing OSA severity is associated with poorer endothelial function in patients with T2D.

Temporal Cross Talk Between Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Regulates Oxidative Stress and Mediates Microparticle-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction.

Aims: Circulating microparticles (MPs) from metabolic syndrome patients and those generated from apoptotic T cells induce endothelial dysfunction; however, the molecular and cellular mechanism(s) underlying in the effects of MPs remain to be elucidated.

Results: Here, we show that both types of MPs increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, X-box binding protein 1, p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α, and CHOP, and nuclear translocation of activating transcription factor 6 on human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs). MPs decreased in vitro nitric oxide release by HAoECs, whereas in vivo MP injection into mice impaired the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine.

Analysis of microvascular perfusion with multi-dimensional complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise algorithm: Processing of laser speckle contrast images recorded in healthy subjects, at rest and during acetylcholine stimulation.

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a full-field imaging modality to monitor microvascular blood flow. It is able to give images with high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, when the skin is studied, the interpretation of the bidimensional data may be difficult.

Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, protects human islets from glucotoxicity through the phospholipase C pathway.

As shown in a large clinical prospective trial, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. We evaluated the beneficial effects of RAS inhibition on β-cell function under glucotoxic conditions. Human islets from 13 donors were cultured in 5.