Variation in Seed Allergen Content From Three Varieties of Soybean Cultivated in Nine Different Locations in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana.

Soybean () is an important food stock, and also considered an allergenic food with at least eight well characterized allergens. However, it is a less prevalent allergen source than many other foods and is rarely life-threatening. Soybean is incorporated into commonly consumed foods, and therefore, the allergens pose a potential concern for individuals already sensitized.

The Bacteroid Periplasm in Soybean Nodules Is an Interkingdom Symbiotic Space.

The functional role of the periplasm of nitrogen-fixing bacteroids has not been determined. Proteins were isolated from the periplasm and cytoplasm of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens bacteroids and were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. Identification of bacteroid periplasmic proteins was aided by periplasm prediction programs.

Development of an isoform-specific tandem mass spectrometry assay for absolute quantitation of maize lipid transfer proteins.

Precise and accurate quantitation of maize grain allergens is important for seed and food industries. The major allergen in maize grain is Zea m 14, a lipid transfer protein (LTP). The B73 maize genome encodes for at least six LTPs sharing 15%-87% sequence identity to Zea m 14.

Proteomic mapping for legume nodule organogenesis.

While genetic screens have identified mutants of the model legume Lotus japonicus that can nodulate in the absence of rhizobia, the lack of a proteome map is a major hindrance to understanding the functional protein networks associated with this nodulation process. In this issue of Proteomics, Dam et al. (Proteomics 2014, 14, 230-240) developed 2D gel-based reference maps of nodules and roots of Lotus and a spontaneous nodule formation mutant (snf1).

Environmental effects on allergen levels in commercially grown non-genetically modified soybeans: assessing variation across north america.

Soybean (Glycinemax) is a hugely valuable soft commodity that generates tens of billions of dollars annually. This value is due in part to the balanced composition of the seed which is roughly 1:2:2 oil, starch, and protein by weight. In turn, the seeds have many uses with various derivatives appearing broadly in processed food products.

Quantitation of soybean allergens using tandem mass spectrometry.

Soybean (Glycine max) seed contain some proteins that are allergenic to humans and animals. However, the concentration of these allergens and their expression variability among germplasms is presently unknown. To address this problem, 10 allergens were quantified from 20 nongenetically modified commercial soybean varieties using parallel, label-free mass spectrometry approaches.

Evolution of seed allergen quantification--from antibodies to mass spectrometry.

Development of accurate, high-throughput approaches for protein allergen quantification is important for the seed industry as a means to monitor natural variability in expression and ensure introduced transgenes do not collaterally alter the expression of any known allergen. Analytical approaches for protein quantification have undergone a renaissance in recent years with the emergence of soft-ionization approaches and advanced mass spectrometers capable of achieving low attomolar sensitivity. These advances coupled with bioinformatic tools to mine mass spectral data are collectively referred to as proteomics, and allow for the large-scale study of proteins with high precision and quantitative accuracy.

A quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach for identifying protein kinase clients and quantifying kinase activity.

The Homo sapiens and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes are believed to encode more than 500 and 1000 protein kinases, respectively. Despite this abundance, few bona fide kinase-client relationships have been described in detail. Here we describe a quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach for identifying kinase-client proteins.

Validation of gel-free, label-free quantitative proteomics approaches: applications for seed allergen profiling.

Plant seeds provide a significant portion of the protein present in the human diet, but are also the major contributors of allergenic proteins that cause a majority of the reported cases of food-induced anaphylaxis. New varieties of grains and nuts as well as other seeds could be screened for allergen content before they are introduced as cultivars for food production using mass spectrometry-based quantitation approaches. Here, we present a practical comparison of gel-free and label-free methods, peak integration and spectral counting, using a linear trap mass spectrometer.