A rare EGFR exon 19 insertion mutation in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: a favorable response to afatinib.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations like the common L858R and exon 19 deletions are well studied, but rarer mutations like exon 19 insertions have received less attention. This case report describes a patient with this uncommon EGFR exon 19 insertion mutation in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. A 51-year-old male nonsmoker with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and a rare EGFR exon 19 insertion mutation experienced disease progression on initial carboplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy.

Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of urothelial carcinoma variant histologies and non-urothelial bladder cancers.

Purpose: Most bladder cancers are pure urothelial carcinomas, but a small portion, approximately 5-10%, have variant histology or are non-urothelial in nature. This research sought to examine the features of and treatment strategies for different types of urothelial carcinoma with variant histologies and non-urothelial bladder cancer.

Methods: The study cohort comprised individuals with non-urothelial and variant urothelial bladder cancers treated at two medical centres in Ankara, Turkey, between 2005 and 2024.

The HALP score as a prognostic factor in metastatic biliary cancer.

Background: Biliary tract cancers are serious diseases and new biomarkers may be useful for the optimal management and prediction of these cases. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score, a novel composite marker, in patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer.

Methods: Patients with biliary tract cancers were analyzed retrospectively.

Primary colon lymphomas: An analysis of our experience over the last 18 years.

Colon lymphoma is a rare type of gastrointestinal lymphoma and represents 0.2% to -1.2% of all primary colon cancers.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of sumac and molasses as additives for alfalfa silage: Influence on nutrient composition, in vitro degradability and fermentation quality.

This study investigated the effects of sumac and molasses on nutrient composition, in vitro degradability and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was ensiled in quadruplicate in vacuum jars untreated group (A) or after the following treatments: sumac group at 10% (AS), molasses group at 5% (AM), and sumac (10%) and molasses (5%) group (ASM). Silos (n = 64) were stored for 0, 21, 45 or 60 days.

Effect of HER2/CEP17 ratio on survival in metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancer, multicenter study.

Aim: HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer is still a highly fatal disease despite advances. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HER2/CEP17 ratio and survival in patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer.

Methods: A total of 99 patients from 8 different centers in Turkey were included in the study.

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on side effects of high-dose methylprednisolone administration in male rats.

In this study, we investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) against the side effects of high-dose administration of methylprednisolone (MP) in male rats. A total of 32 adult Wistar male albino rats were divided into four groups: (1) control (CON), received standard food only; (2) MP, received standard food + intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg MP on day 7; (3) GSPE, received standard food + 200 mg/kg/day GSPE; and (4) MP + GSPE, received standard food + 200 mg/kg/day of GSPE + intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg MP on day 7. All animals in the GSPE and GSPE + MP groups were treated once a day by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days.

Potential ameliorative effect of dietary quercetin against lead-induced oxidative stress, biochemical changes, and apoptosis in laying Japanese quails.

Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental pollutant which is a toxic threat to human and animal health. The present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative role of quercetin in laying quails exposed to Pb. A total of 112 birds were randomly divided into four groups.

Chrysin and flunixin meglumine mitigate overloaded copper-induced testicular and spermatological damages via modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective actions of chrysin and flunixine meglumine on testicular and spermatological injuries experimentally stimulated by copper. We separated 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats into six equal groups: control, chrysin, flunixine meglumine, copper, copper +chrysin and copper +flunixine meglumine. Chrysin (50 mg/kg/bw/po), flunixine meglumine (2.

The in-vivo assessment of Turkish propolis and its nano form on testicular damage induced by cisplatin.

Objective: Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin (CP), which are associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis, may adversely affect the reproductive system. This study tests whether administration of propolis and nano-propolis (NP) can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats with testicular damage induced by CP.

Methods: In this study, polymeric nanoparticles including propolis were synthesized with a green sonication method and characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and wet scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques.

Depth-resolved Corneal Biomechanical Changes Measured Via Optical Coherence Elastography Following Corneal Crosslinking.

Purpose: To evaluate depth-resolved changes of corneal biomechanical properties in eyes with corneal ectasia after corneal crosslinking (CXL) using optical coherence elastography.

Methods: In a prospective pilot series of eyes with corneal ectasia, a custom high-speed swept source optical coherence tomography system was used to image the cornea before and 3 months after CXL during a low-speed applanating deformation while monitoring applanation force. Cross-correlation was applied to track frame-by-frame two-dimensional optical coherence tomography speckle displacements, and the slope of force versus local axial displacement behavior during the deformation was used to produce a two-dimensional array of axial stiffness (k).

The effects of blood glucose regulation and treatment regime on mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the effects of blood glucose regulation and treatment regime on MPV has not been adequately studied in type 2 diabetic patients. Aims: We studied the effects of blood glucose regulation and treatment regimen on mean platelet volume in Type 2 diabetic patients.

Protective role of yeast beta-glucan on lead acetate-induced hepatic and reproductive toxicity in rats.

Lead (Pb) is one of the most common environmental pollutants and causes adverse effects on human and animal health. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of beta-glucan against hepatic and reproductive toxicity induced by lead acetate. A total of 28 Sprague Dawley male rats were distributed into four groups (n = 7).

Ellagic acid plays an important role in enhancing productive performance and alleviating oxidative stress, apoptosis in laying quail exposed to lead toxicity.

Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metal environmental pollutants due to its widespread use of the industry and it is a harmful substance for human and animal health. This study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of ellagic acid (EA) on performance, egg quality, antioxidant parameters, and apoptotic pathway proteins in laying quails exposed to Pb toxicity. A total of 168 (15-week old) laying quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were divided into 6 experimental groups (with similar initial average body weight).

Results of intrastromal corneal ring segment implanted alone or combined with same-day corneal crosslinking and their correlation with preoperative corneal biomechanical strain from finite element analysis.

Purpose: To compare the results of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) alone or combined with same-day corneal crosslinking (CXL) and investigate the relationship of preoperative corneal biomechanics data on the outcomes.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology of Federal University of Parana.

Design: Prospective nonrandomized interventional comparative study.

Depth-Dependent Corneal Biomechanical Properties in Normal and Keratoconic Subjects by Optical Coherence Elastography.

Purpose: Compare depth-resolved biomechanical properties in normal and keratoconic corneas in live human subjects using optical coherence elastography (OCE).

Methods: In a prospective series of normal and keratoconus (KC) eyes, a corneal perturbation was applied by a custom swept-source OCE system using a transparent flat lens coupled to force transducers. Cross-correlation was applied to track frame-by-frame OCT speckle displacement.

Turkish Propolis and Its Nano Form Can Ameliorate the Side Effects of Cisplatin, Which Is a Widely Used Drug in the Treatment of Cancer.

This study was performed to determine the effects of chitosan-coated nano-propolis (NP), which is synthesized via a green sonochemical method, and propolis on the side effects of cisplatin (CP), which is a widely used drug in the treatment of cancer. For this aim, 56 rats were divided into seven groups, balancing their body weights (BW). The study was designed as Control, CP (3 mg/kg BW at single dose of CP as intraperitoneal, ip), Propolis (100 mg/kg BW per day of propolis by gavage), NP-10 (10 mg/kg BW of NP per day by gavage), CP + Propolis (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 100 mg/kg BW of propolis), CP + NP-10 (3 mg/kg CP and 10 mg/kg BW of NP), and CP + NP-30 (3 mg/kg BW of CP and 30 mg/kg BW of NP).

Follicular Cholecystitis: Reappraisal of Incidence, Definition, and Clinicopathologic Associations in an Analysis of 2550 Cholecystectomies.

Context.: Follicular cholecystitis (FC) is a poorly characterized entity.

Objective.

The protective effect of chrysin against carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney and liver tissue damage in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of chrysin on oxidative status and histological alterations against carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced liver and kidney tissue in rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups; the control, chrysin (100 mg/kg), CCl (0.5 ml/kg) and chrysin + CCl groups.

Bee glue (propolis) improves reproductive organs, sperm quality and histological changes and antioxidant parameters of testis tissues in rats exposed to excess copper.

This study was designed to determine the effects of propolis on the sperm quality, antioxidant and histological parameters in the testicular tissues of male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to excessive copper (Cu). In this aim, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: the control, Cu, Propolis and Cu+Propolis. When compared to control group, Cu administration significantly decreased sperm motility and concentration, increased total abnormal sperm rate.

Differences in Simulated Refractive Outcomes of Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) and Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) for Myopia in Same-Eye Virtual Trials.

The use of computational mechanics for assessing the structural and optical consequences of corneal refractive procedures is increasing. In practice, surgeons who elect to perform PRK rather than LASIK must often reduce the programmed refractive treatment magnitude to avoid overcorrection of myopia. Building on a recent clinical validation study of finite element analysis (FEA)-based predictions of LASIK outcomes, this study compares predicted responses in the validated LASIK cases to theoretical PRK treatments for the same refractive error.

Non-neoplastic Polyps of the Gallbladder: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 447 Cases.

There is no systematic histopathologic analysis of non-neoplastic polyps in the gallbladder. In this study, in addition to a computer search for cases designated as "polyp," a systematic review of 2533 consecutive routinely sampled archival and 203 totally submitted prospective cholecystectomies were analyzed for >2 mm polyps (cut-off was based on radiologic sensitivity). A total of 447 non-neoplastic polyps were identified.