Predictive Values of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score and Left Atrial Diameter for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Geriatric Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, stroke, vascular disease, age, sex) score and left atrial diameter (LAD) could predict the presence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in patients older than 65 years with atrial fibrillation as the cause of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods In this study, we included patients over 65 years of age who had suffered an ischemic stroke caused by atrial fibrillation within 30 days after the onset of symptoms. The data recorded included demographics, electrocardiograms, Holter monitors, and echocardiography reports.

Intracranial tuberculomas or neurocysticercosis: differentiated by cervical lymph node pathology.

Background: Diagnosis of tuberculomas can be difficult in the absence of pulmonary involvement due to numerable mimics.

Case Report: We report an immunocompetent 20-year-old female patient, who was admitted with new-onset generalized seizure. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions.

Association of Dilated Perivascular Spaces With Lipid Indices in Ischemic Stroke Patients.

Background Dilated perivascular spaces (dPVS) in the basal ganglia are associated with aging, vascular risk factors, and other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). While high blood lipids are a well-demonstrated risk factor for large artery atherosclerosis, their role in cSVD remains largely elusive. Methods We evaluated lipid profiles, cardiovascular risk factors, and brain MRI findings in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Axial posture disorders in Parkinson's disease: Clinical correlates and future treatment directions1.

Background: Postural disorders are frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). The underlying mechanisms that cause postural disorders are not fully understood and the majority of these disorders have no response to antiparkinsonian treatments. These disabling conditions require further investigation to better understand the underlying mechanisms in order to develop effective treatments.

Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis and Familial Mediterranean Fever Coexistence.

Background: There is an intriguing relationship between familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and multiple sclerosis (MS). While FMF is a hereditary autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent, acute, self-limited attacks of fever and polyserositis, MS is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by autoreactive lymphocytes, microglial activation, and chronic neurodegeneration. In patients suffering from both FMF and MS, it would be interesting to test whether treatments for MS affect the course of FMF, or vice versa.

Trigeminal neuralgia in a patient with multiple sclerosis: Coincidental? An attack? Teriflunomide-induced?

Trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis (TNMS) occurs in 2% to 5% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although treatment strategies are similar to those for classic trigeminal neuralgia, TNMS tends to become medically resistant and require polytherapy. Demyelinating lesions in critical regions are the most common etiology.

A combined clinical and computational approach to understand the SOD1-mediated pathogenesis of rapidly progressive familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive clinical and biomolecular description of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) in a 25-year-old female patient with respect to the SOD1 genotype. The clinical diagnosis of the disease was based on family history, neurological examination, electroneurophysiological studies, and revised El Escorial criteria. The heterozygous presence of the A4T mutation in the proband was confirmed by PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing of exon 1 of the SOD1 gene.

Adult-onset glutaric aciduria type I: rare presentation of a treatable disorder.

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA1; OMIM #231670) is an autosomal recessively inherited and treatable disorder characterized by the accumulation and irregular excretion of glutaric acid due to a defect in the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme involved in the catabolic pathways of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan. Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase is encoded by the GCDH gene (OMIM #608801), and several mutations in this gene are known to result in GA1. GA1 usually presents in the first 18-36 months of life with mild or severe acute encephalopathy, movement disorders, and striatal degeneration.

Optic atrophy after cabazitaxel treatment in a patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a case report.

Taxanes are a group of cytotoxic anti-cancer agents used in the treatment of solid tumours. The neurotoxic adverse effects of docetaxel and paclitaxel, including optic neuropathy, are well known. Cabazitaxel is a new generation taxane showing lesser drug resistance when compared with previous ones.

Neuroinvasive Listeriosis: Could Petechial Hemorrhages be a Diagnostic Clue?

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes-related central nervous system infections may involve the cerebral parenchyma. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are the most commonly seen forms and mainly affect immunocompromised patients; however, a less frequent form, rhombencephalitis, can occur in otherwise healthy people. Early treatment with appropriate antibiotic therapy is crucial for this otherwise fatal disorder.

The association of cognitive impairment with gray matter atrophy and cortical lesion load in clinically isolated syndrome.

Background: Multiple sclerosis can impair cognition from the early stages and has been shown to be associated with gray matter damage in addition to white matter pathology.

Objectives: To investigate the profile of cognitive impairment in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and the contribution of cortical inflammation, cortical and deep gray matter atrophy, and white matter lesions to cognitive decline.

Methods: Thirty patients with clinically isolated syndrome and twenty demographically- matched healthy controls underwent neuropsychologic assessment through the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery, and brain magnetic resonance imaging with double inversion recovery using a 3T scanner.

Influence of cigarette smoking on white matter in patients with clinically isolated syndrome as detected by diffusion tensor imaging.

Purpose: Cigarette smoking has been associated with increased occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as clinical disability and disease progression in MS. We aimed to assess the effects of smoking on the white matter (WM) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) using diffusion tensor imaging.

Methods: Smoker patients with CIS (n=16), smoker healthy controls (n=13), nonsmoker patients with CIS (n=17) and nonsmoker healthy controls (n=14) were included.

Neuromyelitis Optica and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Patients in Turkish Cohort: Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Features.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an immune-mediated, chronic relapsing, inflammatory disease characterized by severe attacks of optic neuritis and myelitis.

Objective: To determine the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features; antibody status; and treatment modalities of patients with NMO and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in a Turkish cohort from 11 centers.

Methods: A total of 182 patients were included in this study.

Assessment of the effect of cigarette smoking on regional brain volumes and lesion load in patients with clinically isolated syndrome.

Purpose: Smoking has been associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis, disease progression and clinical disability. We detected the effects of smoking on regional brain volumes and lesion load in patients with clinically isolated syndrome using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials And Methods: Smoker patients (n = 16), smoker healthy controls (n = 13), non-smoker patients (n = 17) and non-smoker healthy controls (n = 14) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and neocortical volumes were measured.