Fractional CO laser treatment for vaginal laxity: A preclinical study.

Background And Objective: Various studies have investigated treatment for vaginal laxity with microablative fractional carbon dioxide CO laser in humans; however, this treatment has not yet been studied in an animal model. Herein, we evaluate the therapeutic effects of fractional CO laser for tissue remodeling of vaginal mucosa using a porcine model, with the aim of improving vaginal laxity.

Study Design/materials And Methods: The fractional CO laser enables minimally invasive and non-incisional procedures.

Orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner negatively regulates growth hormone-mediated induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) transactivation.

Growth hormone (GH) is a key metabolic regulator mediating glucose and lipid metabolism. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase superfamily and regulates cell cycle progression. The orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP: NR0B2) plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolic processes.

Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H2O) induces orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 gene expression and increases steroidogenesis in mouse testicular Leydig cells.

Bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H(2)O) is a component of commercial liquid epoxy resins commonly used in the food-packing industry and in dental sealants. There is evidence that it has significant estrogenic activity.

Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 induces zinc finger protein GIOT-1 gene expression, and GIOT-1 acts as a novel corepressor of orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 via recruitment of HDAC2.

Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain-containing proteins consist of potential transcriptional repression modules. Previously, gonadotropin-inducible ovarian transcription factor-1 (GIOT-1) was identified as a novel KRAB-containing zinc finger protein and shown to have transcriptional repression activity. Here, we demonstrate that orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 regulates GIOT-1 gene expression in testicular Leydig cell lines and that GIOT-1 acts as a novel corepressor of the orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1).

An autoregulatory loop controlling orphan nuclear receptor DAX-1 gene expression by orphan nuclear receptor ERRgamma.

The estrogen receptor-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma/ERR3/NR3B3) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that activates transcription in the absence of ligand. However, the detailed mechanism of gene regulation by ERRgamma is not fully understood. In this study we have found that the orphan nuclear receptor ERRgamma activates the DAX-1 promoter, which, in turn, represses transactivation by ERRgamma.