Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid reveals TKT as a potential biomarker for medulloblastoma.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in brain tumors, including medulloblastoma (MBL). Recent advancements in mass spectrometry systems and 'Omics' data analysis methods enable unbiased, high proteome depth research. We conducted proteomic profiling of the total CSF in MBL patients with the purpose of finding a potential diagnostic biomarker for MBL.

Challenges in endoscopic third ventriculostomy for patients with achondroplasia: a focus on third ventricle floor anatomy.

Objective: Hydrocephalus is one of the neurological risks occurring in patients with achondroplasia. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion is the most common treatment. However, reports of successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) suggest that ETV may be a good alternative to VPS insertion in achondroplasia.

Identifying Risk Factors for Wound Complications Following Fronto-Orbital Advancement in Patients With Craniosynostosis: 3-dimensional Craniometrics Analysis.

This study aims to identify 3-dimensional (3D) craniometric predictors of wound complications following fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) surgery in craniosynostosis patients. The authors conducted a retrospective review of medical records for 43 patients (25 female, 18 male) who underwent open FOA between 2006 and 2023, with an average follow-up duration of 91.8 months.

Longitudinal analysis of cranial growth using comprehensive craniometric measurements after fronto-orbital advancement in coronal craniosynostosis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal changes in cranial growth following fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) surgery in patients with unilateral and bilateral coronal craniosynostosis.

Methods: This retrospective review analyzed head circumference (HC) and CT data during preoperative (T0), immediate postoperative (T1), and final follow-up (T2) visits in 40 patients (23 female, 17 male) who underwent FOA using either the open approach or distraction osteogenesis (DO) between 1987 and 2018. The mean follow-up period was 90.

TULIPs decorate the three-dimensional genome of PFA ependymoma.

Posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymoma is a lethal brain cancer diagnosed in infants and young children. The lack of driver events in the PFA linear genome led us to search its 3D genome for characteristic features. Here, we reconstructed 3D genomes from diverse childhood tumor types and uncovered a global topology in PFA that is highly reminiscent of stem and progenitor cells in a variety of human tissues.

Comprehensive multiomics analysis reveals distinct differences between pediatric choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma.

Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are intraventricular tumors derived from the choroid plexus epithelium and occur frequently in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of CPT and identify the differences between choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). We conducted multiomics analyses of 20 CPT patients including CPP and CPC.

The role of surgery for optic pathway gliomas in the era of precision medicine.

Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) represent a unique subset of brain tumours that primarily affect the paediatric population. Traditionally, these tumours are managed conservatively due to their location to and association with vital structures. This article explores the evolving role of surgery in the management of OPGs, particularly in the context of advancements in precision medicine.

Caudal Agenesis: Classification Based on the Pathoembryogenesis of the Spinal Cord.

Background And Objectives: Caudal agenesis (CA) is a congenital disease characterized by lower vertebral bone defects. Previous classifications for CA were based on the levels of bony defects or the conus medullaris. We created a new pathoembryogenic classification that takes into account the level of conus, considering both its shape and filum.

Clinical Features and Treatment of Pediatric Cerebral Cavernous Malformations.

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a vascular anomaly commonly found in children and young adults. Common clinical presentations of pediatric patients with CCMs include headache, focal neurological deficits, and seizures. Approximately 40% of pediatric patients are asymptomatic.

Neurocognitive outcomes and associated clinical factors 5 years after surgery in children with craniosynostosis.

Objective: Craniosynostosis involves early closure of one or more sutures, which is known to limit normal cranium growth and interfere with normal brain development. Various surgical methods are used, ranging from minimally invasive strip craniectomy to more extensive whole-vault cranioplasty. This study aimed to evaluate neurocognitive outcomes 5 years after surgical treatment in children with craniosynostosis and to evaluate relevant clinical factors.

The Role of Early and Delayed Surgery for Infants with Congenital Brain Tumors.

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the role of early and delayed surgery in congenital brain tumors and analyze the clinical outcomes of infantile brain tumors.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on 69 infantile brain tumors at a single institution from January 2008 to June 2023. Outcomes were assessed as early mortality (within 30 days following surgery) to evaluate the risk of early surgery in congenital brain tumors.

Surgical treatment of interhemispheric arachnoid cysts.

Objective: In children, interhemispheric arachnoid cysts (IHACs) are rare lesions often associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis. It is still controversial about surgical treatments for IHACs. We aim to report our experience with pediatric IHAC patients and evaluate surgical courses and neurological developments.

Interaction of interictal epileptiform activity with sleep spindles is associated with cognitive deficits and adverse surgical outcome in pediatric focal epilepsy.

Objective: Temporal coordination between oscillations enables intercortical communication and is implicated in cognition. Focal epileptic activity can affect distributed neural networks and interfere with these interactions. Refractory pediatric epilepsies are often accompanied by substantial cognitive comorbidity, but mechanisms and predictors remain mostly unknown.

The Outcomes of Endoscopic Suturectomy in Syndromic Craniosynostosis.

Objective: Endoscopic suturectomy is a widely practiced surgical option for infants with craniosynostosis. But the efficacy and safety of the procedure remain unclear in syndromic patients. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic suturectomy for patients with syndromic craniosynostosis.

Survival and Malignant Transformation of Pineal Parenchymal Tumors: A 30-Year Retrospective Analysis in a Single-Institution.

Background: This study aims to elucidate clinical features, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis of pineal parenchymal tumors (PPT) by analyzing a 30-year dataset of a single institution.

Methods: We reviewed data from 43 patients diagnosed with PPT at Seoul National University Hospital between 1990 and 2020. We performed survival analyses and assessed prognostic factors.

Choroid Plexus Hyperplasia : Report of Two Cases with Unique Radiologic Findings.

Choroid plexus hyperplasia (CPH), also known as diffuse villous hyperplasia of choroid plexus, is a rare condition characterized by excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), resulting in hydrocephalus. Diagnosing CPH can be challenging due to the absence of clear imaging criteria for choroid plexus hypertrophy and the inability to assess CSF production non-invasively. As a result, many CPH patients are initially treated with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, but subsequently require additional surgical intervention due to intractable ascites.

Growth patterns of young achondroplasia patients in Korea and predictability of neurosurgical procedures.

Background: Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder mainly affecting bony growth, typically resulting in markedly short stature. From a neurosurgical viewpoint, patients sometimes develop spinal cord compression at the narrowed foramen magnum and hydrocephalus. This study aims to construct growth references for height, weight, and head circumference (HC) of young achondroplasia patients in Korea and to evaluate the predictability of the necessity and timing of neurosurgical procedures through growth patterns.

Surgical indication of pediatric Rathke's cleft cyst based on a 20-year retrospective cohort.

Objective: Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is the most commonly encountered pituitary incidentaloma in children. Because RCC is not frequently diagnosed in children, there are few reports on pediatric RCCs. The natural course of the disease and appropriate treatments are still obscure.

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy of the spinal cord resembling conus and filum, with a coexisting sacral dimple.

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare benign soft tissue lesion of infants and young children. It usually occurs within the first 2 years of life at the superficial layer of the axilla, trunk, upper arm, and external genitalia. FHI in the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare.