Clinical Manifestation of Alopecia Areata After COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by an autoimmune inflammatory response to hair follicles. Several studies have suggested that infection and vaccination can trigger an autoimmune process around hair follicles. Moreover, reports of AA and various other autoimmune diseases have increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became established.

Possible role of β-hydroxybutyrate in inducing inflammation in alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss due to an immune response that targets hair follicles. The current treatment approach for AA involves the use of immunosuppressants and immunomodulators to reduce cytokine levels around affected hair follicles. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as potential anti-inflammatory agents with diverse beneficial effects in various medical conditions.

Efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroid treatment under occlusion for severe alopecia areata in children: a single-centre retrospective analysis.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) has a poor clinical course in children. There are no reliable therapeutic options for children with severe AA, including alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU).

Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of a potent topical corticosteroid (TCS) under occlusion in paediatric patients with severe AA.