Evaluation of Glutathione T in the Human Brain Using J-Difference MRS at 3 T: Multicenter Multivendor Study.

The need to quantify brain glutathione (GSH) accurately by J-difference spectroscopy has stimulated assessment of the TE effects on GSH edited signals at the popular field strength 3 T. We performed multiple-TE J-difference MRS at two sites to evaluate the GSH T relaxation and TE dependence of the GSH signal resolution. Two 10-ms spectrally selective Gaussian editing RF pulses were implemented in 3 T MEGA-PRESS sequences at two sites having different vendors.

Effect of chewing hard material on boosting brain antioxidant levels and enhancing cognitive function.

Introduction: Chewing has been reported to enhance cognitive function through the increase in cerebral blood flow. However, the mechanisms linking cerebral blood flow increase to metabolic changes in the brain affecting cognition remain unclear. We hypothesized that glutathione (GSH) plays a pivotal role in these mechanisms.

Neural correlates of thought-action fusion and their associations with rumination in patients with major depressive disorder.

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is the metacognitive belief that the power of thoughts can have real-life consequences, often inducing unpleasant inner experiences and recruiting coping strategies such as rumination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of TAF and their associations with rumination in depression. A total of 37 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 37 healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a TAF induction task and psychological assessments.

Clustered ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles as potential T/Tdual-modal magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and application to tumor model.

Many studies have been conducted on the use of ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles (USIONs) (d < 3 nm) as potential positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-contrast agents (CAs); however, there is dearth of research on clustered USIONs. In this study, nearly monodispersed clustered USIONs were synthesized using a simple two-step one-pot polyol method. First, USIONs (d = 2.

Quantification of Glutathione and Its Associated Spontaneous Neuronal Activity in Major Depressive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Background: Glutathione (GSH) is a crucial antioxidant in the human brain. Although proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy using the Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy sequence is highly recommended, limited literature has measured cortical GSH using this method in major psychiatric disorders.

Methods: By combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we quantified brain GSH and glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus and explored relationships between GSH levels and intrinsic neuronal activity as well as clinical symptoms among healthy control (HC) participants (n = 30), people with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 28), and people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 28).

Effect of Isoscopoletin on Cytokine Expression in HaCaT Keratinocytes and RBL-2H3 Basophils: Preliminary Study.

Isoscopoletin is a compound derived from various plants traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases. However, there have been no reported therapeutic effects of isoscopoletin on atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and commonly used treatments have side effects; thus, there is a need to identify potential natural candidate substances.

Coherent spore dispersion via drop-leaf interaction.

The dispersion of plant pathogens, such as rust spores, is responsible for more than 20% of global crop yield loss annually. However, the release mechanism of pathogens from flexible plant surfaces into the canopy is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the interplay between leaf elasticity and rainfall, revealing how a flexible leaf structure can generate a lateral flow stream, with embedded coherent structures that enhance transport.

Aberrant function of the salience network related to maltreatment experiences during thought-action fusion.

Childhood maltreatment (CM) causes early deviations in cognitive and affective processes, leading to future adaptation failures and psychopathology. Specifically, CM has been linked to cognitive distortions, and recent studies have focused on the impact of CM on the higher level of metacognitive beliefs. However, only a few studies have revealed the neural mechanisms underlying the association between altered metacognition and CM.

Aromadendrin inhibits PMA-induced cytokine formation/NF-κB activation in A549 cells and ovalbumin-induced bronchial inflammation in mice.

Hyperproduction of immune cell-derived inflammatory molecules and recruitment of immune cells promote the development of allergic asthma (AA). Aromadendrin (ARO) has various biological properties including anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of ARO on the development of AA and .

Return to Sports Activity After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: There are little published data on return to sports (RTS) after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA).

Purpose: To (1) determine the rate and timing of RTS after RTSA in an Asian population, (2) analyze predictive factors for RTS, and (3) determine the relationship between RTS after RTSA and clinical/radiological outcomes.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Neural mechanisms of acceptance-commitment therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a resting-state and task-based fMRI study.

Background: There is growing evidence for the use of acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few fully implemented ACT have been conducted on the neural mechanisms underlying its effect on OCD. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the neural correlates of ACT in patients with OCD using task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Heightened but Inefficient Thought-Action Fusion in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: New Insight From a Multiple Trial Version of the Classic Thought-Action Fusion Experiment.

Objective: Thought-action fusion (TAF), which is a tendency to make the relationship between one's thoughts and external consequences, is a dysfunctional belief linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While the TAF is commonly evaluated using the Thought-Action Fusion Scale (TAFS), it cannot fully reflect the actual experience of experimentally evoked TAF. In the present study, we applied a multiple-trial version of the classic TAF experiment and evaluate two variables, reaction time (RT) and emotional intensity (EI).

Quercetin Attenuates the Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in H292 Human Lung Epithelial Cells Infected with by Modulating ExoS Production.

The type three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence system of (). The effector protein Exotoxin S (ExoS) produced by is secreted into the host cells via the T3SS. For the purpose of an experiment on inhibitors with regard to ExoS secretion, we developed a sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system.

Connectome-based predictive models using resting-state fMRI for studying brain aging.

Changes in the brain with age can provide useful information regarding an individual's chronological age. studies have suggested that functional connectomes identified via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) could be a powerful feature for predicting an individual's age. We applied connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to investigate individual chronological age predictions via resting-state fMRI using open-source datasets.

Dirac-source diode with sub-unity ideality factor.

An increase in power consumption necessitates a low-power circuit technology to extend Moore's law. Low-power transistors, such as tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs), negative-capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FETs), and Dirac-source field-effect transistors (DS-FETs), have been realised to break the thermionic limit of the subthreshold swing (SS). However, a low-power rectifier, able to overcome the thermionic limit of an ideality factor (η) of 1 at room temperature, has not been proposed yet.

Alterations of Power Spectral Density in Salience Network during Thought-action Fusion Induction Paradigm in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder.

Objective: Recent studies highlighted the triple-network model which illustrated the interactions among three large-scale networks including salience network (SN). The functional magnetic resonance imaging used in this study was designed to investigate the characteristics of three large-scale networks associated with the thought-action fusion (TAF) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using power spectral density (PSD) analysis.

Methods: This study included 32 OCD patients and 38 age-matched healthy controls (HC).

Impact of bevacizumab and secondary cytoreductive surgery on survival outcomes in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian clear cell carcinoma: A multicenter study in Korea.

Objective: This study investigated survival outcomes for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) by treatment method.

Methods: OCCC patients with platinum-sensitive recurrence that received secondary treatment at five institutions between July 2007 and June 2021 were included. Patient characteristics and survival outcomes were compared according to the use of bevacizumab (BEV) during second-line chemotherapy and secondary cytoreductive surgery (CRS).

Purpurin suppresses atopic dermatitis via TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammation in HaCaT cells.

Objective: We investigated whether purpurin inhibits various pathways of inflammation leading to atopic dermatitis.

Introduction: 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called purpurin, is an anthraquinone that is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye. Purpurin is a highly antioxidative anthraquinone and previous studies have reported antibacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidation activities in cells and animals.

Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities.

Water proton spin relaxivities, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility of nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents depend on surface-coating ligands. In this study, hydrophilic and biocompatible polyethylenimines (PEIs) of different sizes (M = 1200 and 60,000 amu) were used as surface-coating ligands for ultrasmall holmium oxide (HoO) nanoparticles. The synthesized PEI1200- and PEI60000-coated ultrasmall HoO nanoparticles, with an average particle diameter of 2.

Enhanced Tumor Imaging Using Glucosamine-Conjugated Polyacrylic Acid-Coated Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Owing to a higher demand for glucosamine (GlcN) in metabolic processes in tumor cells than in normal cells (i.e., GlcN effects), tumor imaging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be highly improved using GlcN-conjugated MRI contrast agents.

Methyl p‑hydroxycinnamate exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in mouse models of lipopolysaccharide‑induced ARDS.

Methyl p‑hydroxycinnamate (MH), an esterified derivative of p‑Coumaric acid exerts anti‑inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Based on these effects, the present study investigated the protective role of MH in a mouse model of LPS‑induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Impact of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in motor- and sensory-related brain networks on spinal cord injury severity.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions and may affect the cerebral functions. However, the mechanisms of plastic changes in the brain according to SCI severity remain poorly understood. Therefore, in the current study, we compared the brain activity of the entire neural network according to severity of SCI using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) analysis in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).