Early developmental changes in infants' vocal responses in interactions with caregivers.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the developmental trajectory of infants' vocal responses and the temporal characteristics of vocal interactions between infants and caregivers in natural home environments, focusing specifically on Korean infants aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Methods: One-day home recordings were collected using a LENA recorder at ages 3, 6, 9, and 12 months for each infant. In-depth analyses of the LENA recordings were conducted on 20 5-minute segments that showed the highest conversational turn counts, as determined by the LENA automated analysis.

Vocal and early speech development in Korean-acquiring children with hearing loss and typical hearing.

This study investigated the vocal and early speech development of Korean-acquiring children with hearing loss (HL) who underwent early auditory amplification compared to their typical hearing (TH) counterparts. The research focused on phonological characteristics of child vocalisation based on samples collected from naturalistic home environments. One-day home recordings using a Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) recorder were obtained from 6 children with HL and 12 children with TH who ranged from 17 to 23 months of age in Korean monolingual environments.

The Predictability of Naturalistic Evaluation of All-Day Recordings for Speech and Language Development.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the predictive potential of language environment and vocal development status measures obtained through integrated analysis of Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) recordings during the prelinguistic stage for subsequent speech and language development in Korean-acquiring children. Specifically, this study explored whether measures from both LENA-automated analysis and human coding at 6-8 months and 12-14 months of age predict vocabulary and phonological development at 18-20 months.

Method: One-day home recordings from 20 children were collected using a LENA recorder at 6-8 months, 12-14 months, and 18-20 months.

Speech Outcomes in 5-Year-Old Korean Children with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

 Among the cleft types, bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) generally requires multiple surgical procedures and extended speech therapy to achieve normal speech development. This study aimed to describe speech outcomes in 5-year-old Korean children with BCLP and examine whether normal speech could be achieved before starting school.  The retrospective study analyzed 52 children with complete BCLP who underwent primary palatal surgery at a tertiary medical center.

Parental verbal responsiveness to infant vocalizations from 9 to 14 months of age.

Parental communication styles and language usage may undergo changes during the course of child development, exhibiting variations across language backgrounds and cultures. This study aimed to explore how infant-parent interactions within Korean-speaking environments evolve over time through meticulous coding of day-long home audio recordings. The study examined whether the ratio and types of parental verbal responses vary based on infants' age and vocalization types.

Oral diadochokinetic production in children with typical speech development and speech-sound disorders.

Background: AIMS: To investigate the developmental trajectory of the rate and perceptual assessment of oral diadochokinesis (DDK) in typically developing children compared with adults. Also to examine the characteristics of DDK productions in children with speech sound disorders (SSD) and the relationship between DDK production and percentage of consonants correct (PCC).

Methods & Procedures: Participants were 316 typically developing children and 90 children with SSD from 3 to 9 years old, as well as 20 adults with normal speech.

Adults' Perception of Children's Vowel Production.

The study examined the link between Korean-speaking children's vowel production and its perception by inexperienced adults and also observed whether ongoing vowel changes in mid-back vowels affect adults' perceptions when the vowels are produced by children. This study analyzed vowels in monosyllabic words produced by 20 children, ranging from 2 to 6 years old, with a focus on gender distinction, and used them as perceptual stimuli for word perception by 20 inexperienced adult listeners. Acoustic analyses indicated that F0 was not a reliable cue for distinguishing gender, but the first two formants served as reliable cues for gender distinction.

Longitudinal Study of Vocal Development and Language Environments in Infants With Cleft Palate.

Objective: This study investigated vocalization and language environment longitudinally in infants with cleft palate (CP) based on day-long audio recordings collected in their natural environments.

Design: Language Environment Analysis (LENA) data from all-day recordings at home were collected at 3-month intervals for infants from 4-6 to 16-18 months of age. The recordings were analyzed using experimentally blinded human coding as well as LENA automated analysis.

Cross-linguistic comparison of utterance shapes in Korean- and English-learning children: An ambient language effect.

This study compared vocal development in Korean- and English-learning infants and examined ambient-language effects focusing on predominant utterance shapes. Vocalization samples were obtained from 14 Korean-learning children and 14 English-learning children, who ranged in age from 9 to 21 months, in monolingual environments using day-long audio recordings. The analyzers, who were blind to participants' demographic information, identified utterance shapes to determine functional vocal repertoires through naturalistic listening simulating the caregiver's natural mode of listening.

Clinical interventions and speech outcomes for individuals with submucous cleft palate.

Background: This study aimed to identify the initial diagnostic characteristics and treatment status of children with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and to examine the relationship between the timing of surgical correction and the degree of articulation and resonance improvement.

Methods: This retrospective study included 72 children diagnosed with SMCP between 2008 and 2016. The evaluation criteria were the age of the initial visit, total number of visits, age at the end of treatment, speech problems, resonance problems, and speech therapy.

Effect of vowel context on test-retest nasalance score variability in children with and without cleft palate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether test-retest nasalance score variability differs between Korean children with and without cleft palate (CP) and vowel context influences variability in nasalance score.

Participants: Thirty-four 3-to-5-year-old children with and without CP participated in the study.

Methods: Three 8-syllable speech stimuli devoid of nasal consonants were used for data collection.

Nasalance Variability in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children during Production of Speech Stimulus in Three Vowel Contexts.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether age and vowel contexts influence test-retest nasalance score variability in typically developing Korean children.

Participants: Forty-five 3- to 5-year-old children with normal speech and resonance participated in the study.

Methods: All subjects were asked to repeat three 4-syllable speech stimuli in high, low, or mixed vowel contexts twice after the examiner.

Profiles of vocal development in Korean children with and without cleft palate.

This study longitudinally investigated vocal development in Korean children from 9 to 18 months of age with and without cleft palate (CP). Utterance samples were collected from 24 children with and without CP at 9, 12, 15 and 18 months of age. Each utterance was categorised into levels of vocalisation using the Korean-translated version of the Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised (SAEVD-R).

A novel small-molecule IAP antagonist, AZD5582, draws Mcl-1 down-regulation for induction of apoptosis through targeting of cIAP1 and XIAP in human pancreatic cancer.

Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) plays an important role in controlling cancer cell survival. IAPs have therefore attracted considerable attention as potential targets in anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of AZD5582, a novel small-molecule IAP inhibitor, in human pancreatic cancer cells.

Clinical Outcomes of Primary Palatal Surgery in Children with Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate with and without Lip.

This study presents clinical outcomes of primary cleft palate surgery, including rate of oronasal fistula development, rate of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) requiring secondary surgery, and speech outcomes. We examined the effect of cleft type on the clinical outcomes. Retrospective analysis was performed using clinical records of all patients who received a primary palatoplasty at the Cleft Palate Clinic at Seoul Asan Medical Center, South Korea, between 2007 and 2012.

Nasalance scores for normal Korean-speaking adults and children: Effects of age, vowel context, and stimulus length.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to collect nasalance scores for normal Korean-speaking children and adults and to determine whether age, vowel contexts, and stimulus length influence nasalance scores.

Methods: Fifty-seven children aged 4-6 years and 17 adults participated in the study. Mean nasalance scores were obtained for eight sentences devoid of nasal consonants divided into the vowel/a/and/i/contexts; the sentences consisted of 4, 8, 16, and 31 syllables.

Effectiveness of a parent-implemented intervention program for young children with cleft palate.

Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of a parent-implemented intervention on children's speech-language development and parents' interaction styles.

Methods: Seventeen children with cleft palate (CP) and their mothers participated in all sessions of a parent-implemented intervention program. Nine children with CP and their mothers who did not receive the intervention were included to examine the full effectiveness of the program.

Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) stability contributes to YM155 resistance in human gastric cancer cells.

YM155, which blocks the expression of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, induces cell death in a variety of cancer types, including prostate, bladder, breast, leukemia, and non-small lung cancer. However, the mechanism underlying gastric cancer susceptibility and resistance to YM155 is yet to be specified. Here, we demonstrate that cIAP1 stability dictates resistance to YM155 in human gastric cancer cells.

NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, induces cell death through alternate routes in prostate cancer cells depending on the PTEN genotype.

Deregulation of the PI3K-AKT/mTOR pathway due to mutation of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN frequently occurs in human prostate cancer and is therefore considered to be an attractive therapeutic target. Here, we investigated how the PTEN genotype affected the antitumor effect of NVP-BEZ235 in human prostate cancer cells. In this setting, NVP-BEZ235 induced cell death in a PTEN-independent manner.

Temporal characteristics of nasalization in speakers with and without cleft palate.

Objective: The purposes of the study were to compare the temporal characteristics of nasalization between speakers with cleft palate with or without cleft lip and normal adult speakers and to investigate the relationship between acoustic temporal measures and perceived nasality.

Methods: Fifteen speakers with cleft palate with or without cleft lip and 15 speakers without cleft palate aged 13 to 45 years participated in this study. Two listeners judged the degree of nasality in speakers with cleft palate with or without cleft lip.

Characteristics of Korean phonology: review, tutorial, and case studies of Korean children speaking English.

Unlabelled: A significant number of bilinguals in English-speaking countries speak Korean as their first language. One such country is the United States (U.S.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator veli palatini muscle in speakers with repaired cleft palate.

Objective: To obtain detailed anatomic and physiologic information on the levator veli palatini muscle from MRI in individuals with repaired cleft palate and to compare the results with those from normal subjects reported by Ettema et al. (2002).

Design: Prospective study.

Validity of the nasometer measuring the temporal characteristics of nasalization.

Objective: To examine the validity of the Nasometer (KayPENTAX, Lincoln Park, NJ) in measuring the temporal characteristics of nasalization by comparing the Nasometer measures to the measures from an external criterion procedure.

Design: Speech samples consisted of three rate-controlled nonsense syllables, which varied in their vowel compositions: /izinizi/, /azanaza/, and /uzunuzu/. Acoustic data were recorded simultaneously through the Nasometer and an external criterion procedure (a specialized microphone set that collected acoustic signals separately for the nasal and oral channels).

Temporal characteristics of nasalization in children and adult speakers of American English and Korean during production of three vowel contexts.

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the temporal characteristics of nasalization in relation to (1) languages, (2) vowel contexts, and (3) age groups. Two distinct acoustic energies from the mouth and nose were recorded during speech production (/pamap, pimip, pumup/) using two microphones to obtain the absolute and proportional measurements on the acoustic temporal characteristics of nasalization. Twenty-eight normal adults (14 American English and 14 Korean speakers) and 28 normal children (14 American English and 14 Korean speakers) participated in this study.

An acoustic study of the temporal characteristics of nasalization in children with and without cleft palate.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the oral and nasal cavity acoustic energies to determine whether temporal patterns of nasalization differentiate children with and without cleft palate and the extent to which vowel context contributes to these temporal differences.

Design: Nasal onset interval, nasal offset interval, and total nasalization duration measures were obtained from acoustic waveforms, spectrograms, and energy contours acquired using the Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics, Lincoln Park, NJ). In addition to absolute temporal values, proportional durations of nasalization were measured to obtain information regarding the relative duration of nasalization.