Beyond homogeneity: Assessing the validity of the Michaelis-Menten rate law in spatially heterogeneous environments.

The Michaelis-Menten (MM) rate law has been a fundamental tool in describing enzyme-catalyzed reactions for over a century. When substrates and enzymes are homogeneously distributed, the validity of the MM rate law can be easily assessed based on relative concentrations: the substrate is in large excess over the enzyme-substrate complex. However, the applicability of this conventional criterion remains unclear when species exhibit spatial heterogeneity, a prevailing scenario in biological systems.

Beyond microtubules: The cellular environment at the endoplasmic reticulum attracts proteins to the nucleus, enabling nuclear transport.

All proteins are translated in the cytoplasm, yet many, including transcription factors, play vital roles in the nucleus. While previous research has concentrated on molecular motors for the transport of these proteins to the nucleus, recent observations reveal perinuclear accumulation even in the absence of an energy source, hinting at alternative mechanisms. Here, we propose that structural properties of the cellular environment, specifically the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), can promote molecular transport to the perinucleus without requiring additional energy expenditure.

Korean species of Hydrosmecta Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with descriptions of two new species.

A taxonomic study of the genus Hydrosmecta Thomson in Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by three species including two new species, H. beolgokensis Lee & Ahn, sp.

Curvature-based interface restoration algorithm using phase-field equations.

In this study, we propose a restoration algorithm for distorted objects using a curvature-driven flow. First, we capture the convex-hull shaped contour of the distorted object using the mean curvature flow. With the supplemented mass on the captured feature, we evolve the constraint mean curvature flow to a steady state, preserving the non-distorted region.

Crossing fibers may underlie the dynamic pulling forces of muscles that attach to cartilage at the tip of the nose.

The present study used microdissection, histology, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) with the aims of determining the prevalence and patterns of the depressor septi nasi (DSN) and orbicularis oris (OOr) muscles attached to the footplate of the medial crus (fMC) of the major alar cartilage, focusing on their crossing fibers. The DSN and OOr attached to the fMC of the major alar cartilage were investigated in 76 samples from 38 embalmed Korean adult cadavers (20 males, 18 females; mean age 70 years). The DSN, OOr, or both were attached to the fMC.

Five new species of Kugelann (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from Korea and a nomenclatural note on Löbl.

The genus Kugelann (Goniaceritae: Bythinini) is the most species-rich genus of the subfamily Pselaphinae and is mainly distributed in the Palearctic region. Although previous studies have documented 14 species in the Korean Peninsula, the true diversity, ecology, and immature stages of the genus are still inadequately known. In this study, five new Korean species are described: , , , , and Illustrations of the habitus and other morphological details, and a distribution map are provided.

Spatially coordinated collective phosphorylation filters spatiotemporal noises for precise circadian timekeeping.

The circadian (∼24h) clock is based on a negative-feedback loop centered around the PERIOD protein (PER), translated in the cytoplasm and then enters the nucleus to repress its own transcription at the right time of day. Such precise nucleus entry is mysterious because thousands of PER molecules transit through crowded cytoplasm and arrive at the perinucleus across several hours. To understand this, we developed a mathematical model describing the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of PER as a single random time delay.

Korean species of the genus Amischa Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with a description of new species.

A taxonomic study of the genus Amischa Thomson of Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by three species, including A. koreana Lee & Ahn, sp.

Korean species of the Atheta Thomson subgenus Dimetrota Mulsant amp; Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species.

A taxonomic review of the Atheta Thomson subgenus Dimetrota Mulsant Rey in the Korean Peninsula is presented. The subgenus is represented in Korea by 11 species including a new species, A. (D.

Hymenocallis littoralis ameliorates inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and HCl/EtOH-induced gastric mucosal injury via targeting the MAPK pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. Also known as Pancratium littorale Jacq.

Review of the Korean Species of the Genus Motschulsky (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) with Description of Four New Species.

The cosmopolitan euaesthetine genus, Motschulsky, 1857, with about 90 Palaearctic species, was formerly known by a single species, Puthz, 2011, of which 2 specimens were collected in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. In this paper, the knowledge of the Korean fauna is expanded to include six species, including four described here based on a rich material collected in recent years. A key to all six species of Korean , illustration of the habitus and diagnostic characters, and a distribution map are provided.

Anatomical connections among the depressor supercilii, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, and inferior fibers of orbicularis oculi: Implications for variation in human facial expressions.

The aim of this study was to determine how the depressor supercilii (DS) connects to the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN) and inferior fibers of the orbicularis oculi (OOc INF) in the human midface. While grimacing, contraction of the DS with fibers connecting to the LLSAN and OOc INF can assist in pulling the medial eyebrow downward more than when these connecting fibers are not present. Contraction of these distinct connecting fibers between the DS and the LLSAN can also slightly elevate the nasal ala and upper lip.

The three muscle layers in the pyloric sphincter and their possible function during antropyloroduodenal motility.

This study was conducted to determine the muscular arrangement of the human pyloric sphincter using a comprehensive approach that involved microdissection, histology, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The stomachs of 80 embalmed Korean adult cadavers were obtained. In all specimens, loose muscular tissue of the innermost aspect of the sphincter wall ran aborally, forming the newly found inner longitudinal muscle bundles, entered the duodenum, and connected with the nearby circular bundles.

Current Advances in Wearable Devices and Their Sensors in Patients With Depression.

In this study, a literature survey was conducted of research into the development and use of wearable devices and sensors in patients with depression. We collected 18 studies that had investigated wearable devices for assessment, monitoring, or prediction of depression. In this report, we examine the sensors of the various types of wearable devices (e.

Historical review and occurrence records of Semenov, 1899 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Gwangneung Forest, South Korea with suggestions for species conservation.

Biodiversity has been declining and extinction rates have been exponentially increasing because of land use changes, invasion of exotic species, nutrient enrichment and climate change. In this scenario, many international networks such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature have been making efforts to raise conservation awareness and preserve species and their habitats in many countries. The relict longhorn beetle Semenov, 1899 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is the largest coleopteran species in the Palearctic region and has a unique distribution compared to its congeneric species.

Newly-found channels in the interatrial septum of the heart by dissection, histologic evaluation, and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography.

A minute thrombus can pass through a small type of interatrial communication, which can result in a stroke or transient ischemic attack and several associated symptoms. This study sought to investigate a new type of interatrial communication. Thirty-one hearts from embalmed adult cadavers were investigated.

Heights and spatial relationships of the facial muscles acting on the nasolabial fold by dissection and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography.

The aim of this study was to clarify the heights and spatial relationships of the facial muscles acting on the nasolabial fold (NLF) by dissection and three-dimensional microcomputed tomography for use in aesthetic treatments. This study used 56 specimens from 34 embalmed adult Korean. A reference line (RF) was set to imitate the NLF after removing the skin, from the superior point of the alar facial crease to the lateral point of the orbicularis oris muscle at the level of the corner of the mouth.

Longitudinal muscular column in the prostatic urethral wall: Its form, shape, and possible function based on mathematical simulation in ejaculation.

Background: The shape and function of the longitudinal muscular column (LMC) of the prostate have not been established in detail. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the roles of the LMC of the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra (PSU) in the emission phase of ejaculation by investigating the form and muscular arrangement of the LMC.

Methods: Prostates and urinary bladders were obtained from 14 Korean adult cadavers.

A taxonomic review of Korean Atheta Thomson subgenus Atheta Thomson (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae), with descriptions of two new species.

A taxonomic review of Atheta Thomson subgenus Atheta Thomson in the Korean Peninsula is presented. The subgenus is represented in Korea by eight species including two new species, A. (A.

Survey research on the habitation and biological information of Semenov in Gwangneung forest, Korea and Ussurisky nature reserve, Russia (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae).

An investigation on the habitation of Semenov, 1899 in Gwangneung forest was carried out, where the Korea National Arboretum is located. In an investigation spanning the last eleven years (2007-2017), 22 emergence holes, nine pupal chambers, six adults, and two larvae of were identified. In this study, biological information about habitation of is provided by comparing and combining the results of this investigation with a survey conducted in Ussurisky Nature Reserve, Russia, in 2015.

A taxonomic review of Korean Acrotona Thomson with a description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae).

A taxonomic review of the Acrotona Thomson in the Korean Peninsula is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by seven species including a new species, Acrotona (Acrotona) koreana Lee Ahn, sp. nov.

Mathematical Model of Contractile Ring-Driven Cytokinesis in a Three-Dimensional Domain.

In this paper, a mathematical model of contractile ring-driven cytokinesis is presented by using both phase-field and immersed-boundary methods in a three-dimensional domain. It is one of the powerful hypotheses that cytokinesis happens driven by the contractile ring; however, there are only few mathematical models following the hypothesis, to the author's knowledge. I consider a hybrid method to model the phenomenon.

A taxonomic review of the Korean species of the subgenus Datomicra Mulsant & Rey of the genus Atheta Thomson, with description of a new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae).

A taxonomic review of the subgenus Datomicra Mulsant & Rey of the genus Atheta Thomson in Korea is presented. A new synonym is proposed: Datomicra Mulsant & Rey, 1874 = Datostiba Sawada, 1976, syn. nov.

A taxonomic review of Korean Thomson (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) with descriptions of three new species.

A taxonomic review of the Liogluta Thomson in Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by eight species including three new species, L. changwhani Lee & Ahn, sp.