Accuracy of Fully Automated and Human-assisted AI-based CT Quantification of Pleural Effusion Changes after Thoracentesis.

Quantifying pleural effusion change on chest CT is important for evaluating disease severity and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based volume quantification of pleural effusion change on CT images, using the volume of drained fluid as the reference standard. Seventy-nine participants (mean age, 65 ± [SD] 13 years; 47 male) undergoing thoracentesis were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to September 2023.

Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Augmented Partial Repair with Acellular Dermal Allograft and Superior Capsular Reconstruction in Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: 2-Year Follow-Up.

To evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of arthroscopic augmented partial repair (APR) with acellular dermal matrix versus arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) in massive rotator cuff tears. The study included a total of 49 patients with massive rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic APR (26 patients) and SCR (23 patients) between March 2018 and June 2021. Clinical scores, visual analog scores, and range of motion were collected preoperatively and postoperatively until the last follow-up.

Risk factors of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a single-centre prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the risk factors for mortality in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) in comparison to patients with RA but without ILD (RA-nonILD).

Methods: Data were extracted from a single-centre prospective cohort of RA patients with a chest computed tomography scan at an academic referral hospital in Korea. Patients with RA-ILD enroled between May 2017 and August 2022 were selected, and those without ILD were selected as comparators.

Prospective evaluation of deep learning image reconstruction for Lung-RADS and automatic nodule volumetry on ultralow-dose chest CT.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate whether Lung-RADS classification and volumetric nodule assessment were feasible with ultralow-dose (ULD) chest CT scans with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR).

Methods: The institutional review board approved this prospective study. This study included 40 patients (mean age, 66±12 years; 21 women).

A Convolutional Autoencoder Based Fault Diagnosis Method for a Hydraulic Solenoid Valve Considering Unknown Faults.

The hydraulic solenoid valve is an essential electromechanical component used in various industries to control the flow rate, pressure, and direction of hydraulic fluid. However, these valves can fail due to factors like electrical issues, mechanical wear, contamination, seal failure, or improper assembly; these failures can lead to system downtime and safety risks. To address hydraulic solenoid valve failure, and its related impacts, this study aimed to develop a nondestructive diagnostic technology for rapid and accurate diagnosis of valve failures.

Generative adversarial network for automatic quantification of Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia on chest radiographs.

Purpose: To develop a generative adversarial network (GAN) to quantify COVID-19 pneumonia on chest radiographs automatically.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 50,000 consecutive non-COVID-19 chest CT scans in 2015-2017 for training. Anteroposterior virtual chest, lung, and pneumonia radiographs were generated from whole, segmented lung, and pneumonia pixels from each CT scan.

Clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients with interstitial lung disease: baseline data of a single-center prospective cohort.

Background: To introduce a prospective cohort for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and to identify their clinical features in comparison with RA patients without ILD.

Methods: Using a multidisciplinary collaborative approach, a single-center cohort for RA patients with ILD (RA-ILD) was established in May 2017, and enrolment data from May 2017 to March 2021 were used to compare the clinical features of RA patients without ILD (RA-non ILD). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with ILD in RA patients.

Diagnosis of Scoliosis Using Chest Radiographs with a Semi-Supervised Generative Adversarial Network.

Purpose: To develop and validate a deep learning-based screening tool for the early diagnosis of scoliosis using chest radiographs with a semi-supervised generative adversarial network (GAN).

Materials And Methods: Using a semi-supervised learning framework with a GAN, a screening tool for diagnosing scoliosis was developed and validated through the chest PA radiographs of patients at two different tertiary hospitals. Our proposed method used training GAN with mild to severe scoliosis only in a semi-supervised manner, as an upstream task to learn scoliosis representations and a downstream task to perform simple classification for differentiating between normal and scoliosis states sensitively.

Prospective evaluation of thoracic diseases using a compact flat-panel detector spiral computed tomographic scanner.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the image quality and diagnostic performance of a compact flat-panel detector (FD) scanner for thoracic diseases compared to a clinical CT scanner.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this single-center prospective study, and all participants provided informed consent. From December 2020 to May 2021, 30 patients (mean age, 67.

Effectiveness and Feasibility of Injectable Escherichia coli-Derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion at the Lumbosacral Junction in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Clinical Pilot Study.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of injectable Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (injectable E-rhBMP-2, a combination of E. coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 and a hydrogel type beta-tricalcium phosphate carrier) as a bone substitute for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) of the lumbosacral junction in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients.

Methods: A prospective single-institution therapeutic exploratory trial was conducted.

Biomechanical Comparative Study for Osteosynthesis of Pauwels Type III Femoral Neck Fractures: Conventional Devices versus Novel Fixed Angle Devices.

Purpose: Osteosynthesis has been recommended for treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures in young patients. However, no implant of choice has been reported so far. This study was conducted in order to compare the fixation stability of two conventional fixation methods with three different novel fixed angle devices in this type of fracture.

Patellar Osteomyelitis in a 9-Year-Old Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Case Report.

Hematogenous osteomyelitis is commonly reported in long tubular bones in the pediatric population. Acute osteomyelitis involving the patella is extremely uncommon in children, and its diagnosis is frequently delayed due to its rarity and variable clinical manifestations. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic immunodeficiency disorder characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections.

Stratifying the early radiologic trajectory in dyspneic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Objective: This study aimed to stratify the early pneumonia trajectory on chest radiographs and compare patient characteristics in dyspneic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included 139 COVID-19 patients with dyspnea (87 men, 62.7±16.

Respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life in post-tuberculosis subjects with physician-diagnosed bronchiectasis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Prevalence, respiratory symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) in post-tuberculosis (TB) subjects with bronchiectasis are not well elucidated.

Methods: Subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2007-2009 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We evaluated the prevalence of physician-diagnosed bronchiectasis among post-TB subjects.

Automatic prediction of left cardiac chamber enlargement from chest radiographs using convolutional neural network.

Objective: To develop deep learning-based cardiac chamber enlargement-detection algorithms for left atrial (DLCE-LAE) and ventricular enlargement (DLCE-LVE), on chest radiographs METHODS: For training and internal validation of DLCE-LAE and -LVE, 5,045 chest radiographs (CRs; 2,463 normal and 2,393 LAE) and 1,012 CRs (456 normal and 456 LVE) matched with the same-day echocardiography were collected, respectively. External validation was performed using 107 temporally independent CRs. Reader performance test was conducted using the external validation dataset by five cardiothoracic radiologists without and with the results of DLCE.

Undetected Lung Cancer at Posteroanterior Chest Radiography: Potential Role of a Deep Learning-based Detection Algorithm.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning-based algorithm in detecting lung cancers not reported on posteroanterior chest radiographs during routine practice.

Materials And Methods: The retrospective test dataset included 168 posteroanterior chest radiographs acquired between March 2017 and December 2018 (168 patients; mean age, 71.9 years ± 9.

Factors associated with bronchiectasis in Korea: a national database study.

Background: Many important clinical features of bronchiectasis have been reported. However, the factors were evaluated using a specific disease cohort. Thus, clinical factors associated with bronchiectasis have not been well assessed in comparison to the general population.

[Role of Chest Radiographs and CT Scans and the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Coronavirus Disease 2019].

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has threatened public health as a global pandemic. Chest CT and radiography are crucial in managing COVID-19 in addition to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, which is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. This is a review of the current status of the use of chest CT and radiography in COVID-19 diagnosis and management and an introduction of early representative studies on the application of artificial intelligence to chest CT and radiography.

[Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Immunocompetent Patient after Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: A Case Report].

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has been known to occur in immunocompromised patients, but has been rarely reported in immunocompetent patients. In immunocompetent patients, pulmonary fungal infections are not initially considered. This results in diagnosis and treatment delays, as well as poor prognosis.