Energy-Efficient Dynamic Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Scheme Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in H-CRAN.

The proliferation of 5G networks has revolutionized wireless communication by delivering enhanced speeds, ultra-low latency, and widespread connectivity. However, in heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRAN), efficiently managing inter-cell interference while ensuring energy conservation remains a critical challenge. This paper presents a novel energy-efficient, dynamic enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL).

Electrical Tunability of Quantum-Dot-in-Perovskite Solids.

The quantum-dot-in-perovskite matrix (DIM) is an emerging class of semiconductors for optoelectronics enabled by their complementary charge transport properties and stability improvements. However, a detailed understanding of the pure electrical properties in DIM is still in its early stage. Here, we developed PbS quantum dot-in-CsSnI matrix solids exhibiting improved electrical properties and enhanced stability.

Highly Stable Biotemplated InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Bacterial Monitoring.

Despite their unique optical and electrical characteristics, traditional semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) made of heavy metals or carbon are not ideally suited for biomedical applications. Cytotoxicity and environmental concerns are key limiting factors affecting the adoption of QDs from laboratory research to real-world medical applications. Recently, advanced InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs have emerged as alternatives to traditional QDs due to their low toxicity and optical properties; however, bioconjugation has remained a challenge due to surface chemistry limitations that can lead to instability in aqueous environments.

Atomic sawtooth-like metal films for vdW-layered single-crystal growth.

Atomic sawtooth surfaces have emerged as a versatile platform for growth of single-crystal van der Waals layered materials. However, the mechanism governing the formation of single-crystal atomic sawtooth metal (copper or gold) films on hard substrates (tungsten or molybdenum) remains a puzzle. In this study, we aim to elucidate the formation mechanism of atomic sawtooth metal films during melting-solidification process.

The Root Extract of Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Development via Blockade of De Novo Lipogenesis and Inflammation.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by severe inflammation and fibrosis due to an excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the liver with a dysregulated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of YC-1102, an extract obtained from the roots of , as a nutritional supplement in a diet-induced NASH mouse model. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were fed a fructose, palmitate, and cholesterol (FPC)-containing diet for 16 weeks to induce experimental NASH.

Assessing systemic, developmental, and reproductive toxicity and estrogenicity of Korean red ginseng extract G1899 in juvenile Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Background: Korean red ginseng (KRG) is a product from ginseng roots, which is enriched with ginsenosides and has been utilized for a long time as an adaptogen to alleviate various physiological or disease conditions. While KRG is generally considered safe, conducting a thorough toxicological assessment of the spray-dried powder G1899 during the juvenile period is essential to establish its safety profile. This study aimed to assess the safety of G1899 during the juvenile period using Sprague-Dawley rats.

Modulating effects of heat-killed and live PSC102 on the immune response and gut microbiota of cyclophosphamide-treated rats.

In the present study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed (hLR) and live PSC102 (LR; formerly PSC102) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. RAW264.

Nickel Oxide Hole Injection Layers for Balanced Charge Injection in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

Quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are promising for next-generation displays, but suffer from carrier imbalance arising from lower hole injection compared to electron injection. A defect engineering strategy is reported to tackle transport limitations in nickel oxide-based inorganic hole-injection layers (HILs) and find that hole injection is able to enhance in high-performance InP QLEDs using the newly designed material. Through optoelectronic simulations, how the electronic properties of NiO affect hole injection efficiency into an InP QD layer, finding that efficient hole injection depends on lowering the hole injection barrier and enhancing the acceptor density of NiO is explored.

Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells.

High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability are essential prerequisites for the commercialization of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are core materials that have led to recent, rapid increases in the PCEs of the PSCs. However, a critical limitation of the resulting PSCs is their poor long-term stability.

Aqueous Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage Based on Low-Cost Thiophene-Quinoxaline Polymers.

Eco-friendly solution processing and the low-cost synthesis of photoactive materials are important requirements for the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Although varieties of aqueous-soluble acceptors have been developed, the availability of aqueous-processable polymer donors remains quite limited. In particular, the generally shallow highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of existing polymer donors limit further increases in the power conversion efficiency (PCE).

Downregulation of the Expression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein and Aromatase in Steroidogenic KGN Human Granulosa Cells after Exposure to Bisphenol A.

Although increasing evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between BPA exposure and female reproductive disorders have been suggested through many studies, the precise biochemical and molecular mechanism(s) by which BPA interferes with steroidogenesis in the ovarian cells still remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discover the steroidogenic biomarker(s) associated with BPA treatment in human granulosa cell line, KGN. In this study, our results obtained via the analysis of steroidogenesis-related protein expression in KGN cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analyses revealed that the expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and aromatase decreased considerably and gradually after BPA treatment in a dose-dependent manner under BPA treatment.

Colloidal InAs Quantum Dot-Based Infrared Optoelectronics Enabled by Universal Dual-Ligand Passivation.

Solution-processed low-bandgap semiconductors are crucial to next-generation infrared (IR) detection for various applications, such as autonomous driving, virtual reality, recognitions, and quantum communications. In particular, III-V group colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are interesting as nontoxic bandgap-tunable materials and suitable for IR absorbers; however, the device performance is still lower than that of Pb-based devices. Herein, a universal surface-passivation method of InAs CQDs enabled by intermediate phase transfer (IPT), a preliminary process that exchanges native ligands with aromatic ligands on the CQD surface is presented.

The residue of salinomycin in the muscles of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and black rockfish (Sebastes Schlegeli) after oral administration analyzed by LC-Tandem-MS.

Background: Salinomycin, an antibiotic, have potential as a veterinary drug for fish due to its anti-parasitic activity against several fish parasites. Thus the residual levels of salinomycin in muscles of two significant aquaculture species in Korea, olive flounder and black rockfish, were analyzed using HPLC-MS-MS.

Results: The proper method to analyze the residual salinomycin in fish muscles using LC-MS-MS was settled and the method was validated according to CODEX guidelines.

Biological and mechanical influence of three-dimensional microenvironment formed in microwell on multicellular spheroids composed of heterogeneous hair follicle stem cells.

Hair loss caused by malfunction of the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and physical damage to the skin is difficult to recover from naturally. To overcome these obstacles to hair follicle (HF) regeneration, it is essential to understand the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment and interactions of various cells within the HFs. Therefore, 3D cell culture technology has been used in HF regeneration research; specifically, multicellular spheroids have been generally adapted to mimic the 3D volumetric structure of the HF.

An Energy-Efficient Multi-Level Sleep Strategy for Periodic Uplink Transmission in Industrial Private 5G Networks.

This paper proposes an energy-efficient multi-level sleep mode control for periodic transmission (MSC-PUT) in private fifth-generation (5G) networks. In general, private 5G networks meet IIoT requirements but face rising energy consumption due to dense base station (BS) deployment, particularly impacting operating expenses (OPEX). An approach of BS sleep mode has been studied to reduce energy consumption, but there has been insufficient consideration for the periodic uplink transmission of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices.

High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors Achieved by Optimizing Structural and Energetic Ordering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Polymers.

For optimizing steady-state performance in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), both molecular design and structural alignment approaches must work in tandem to minimize energetic and microstructural disorders in polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductor films. Herein, a series of poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole)s bearing various lengths of aliphatic-glycol hybrid side chains (PDPP-mEG; m = 2-5) is developed to achieve high-performance p-type OECTs. PDPP-4EG polymer with the optimized length of side chains exhibits excellent crystallinity owing to enhanced lamellar and backbone interactions.

Assessment of Salinomycin's Potential to Treat in Korean Rockfish ().

Aquaculture, a crucial sector of the global food industry, faces a myriad of issues due to parasitic invasions. One such parasite, , which afflicts Korean rockfish in South Korea, has a significant economic impact. The impending danger of resistance to traditional anthelmintics necessitates the exploration of new antiparasitic candidates.

Effects of Guiding Ground Rules and Individual Differences on the Accuracy of Children's Free Recall and Suggestibility.

This research examines how the presence or absence of ground rules and children's temperamental tendencies affect children's free recall accuracy and suggestibility. Participating children showed richer free recall with open-ended questions and displayed greater resistance to suggestive questions when provided ground rules during the interview. In addition, children's recall accuracy varied based on their prosocial orientation: the presence or absence of ground rules influenced memory accuracy more in children with a low prosocial orientation than in those with a high prosocial orientation.

Daldipyrenones A-C: Caged [6,6,6,6,6] Polyketides Derived from an Endolichenic Fungus 047188.

Daldipyrenones A-C (-), three unprecedented caged xanthone [6,6,6,6,6] polyketides featuring a spiro-azaphilone unit, were discovered from an endolichenic fungus, 047188. The structures of - were determined by using spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatization. Daldipyrenones are likely derived by combining a chromane biosynthesis intermediate, 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-en-2-one, and a spiro-azaphilone, pestafolide A, via radical coupling or Michael addition to form a bicyclo[2.

Customized small-sized clinostat using 3D printing and gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane culture dish.

Over the past few decades, research on life in space has increased. Owing to the expensive nature of and the challenges associated with conducting experiments in real space, clinostats, which continuously randomize the gravity vector by using motors, have been used to generate simulated microgravity (SMG) on Earth. Herein, by using a 3D printing method, we develop a customized small-sized clinostat (CS clinostat) that is easy to manufacture, inexpensive, and robust.