Characterization of fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food animals during 2010-2021 in South Korea.

Livestock-associated fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (FRSA) is frequently linked to global public health hazards. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and molecular characteristics of FRSA isolated from food animal products in South Korea from 2010 to 2021. We obtained a total of 3980 S.

Modulating effects of heat-killed and live PSC102 on the immune response and gut microbiota of cyclophosphamide-treated rats.

In the present study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed (hLR) and live PSC102 (LR; formerly PSC102) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. RAW264.

The microglial innate immune protein PGLYRP1 mediates neuroinflammation and consequent behavioral changes.

Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is a pattern-recognition protein that mediates antibacterial actions and innate immune responses. Its expression and role in neuroinflammatory conditions remain unclear. We observed the upregulation of PGLYRP1 in inflamed human and mouse spinal cord and brain, with microglia being the primary cellular source.

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Pour-On Ivermectin Formulations in Korean Hanwoo Cattle.

This study aimed to conduct a bioequivalence study of applying three pour-on ivermectin formulations at a dose of 1 mg/kg on the back of Korean native beef cattle (Hanwoo). To conduct bioequivalence testing, the pharmacokinetics of three groups (control Innovator, test Generic A, and test Generic B) of five clinically healthy Korean Hanwoo cattle (average weight 500 kg) were studied. After topical application to the skin, blood samples were drawn at the indicated times.

Optimizing tylosin dosage for co-infection of and in pigs using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling.

Formulating a therapeutic strategy that can effectively combat concurrent infections of () and () can be challenging. This study aimed to 1) establish minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time kill curve, and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of tylosin against and pig isolates and employ the MIC data for the development of epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values; 2) estimate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of tylosin following its intramuscular (IM) administration (20 mg/kg) in healthy and infected pigs; and 3) establish a PK-pharmacodynamic (PD) integrated model and predict optimal dosing regimens and PK/PD cutoff values for tylosin in healthy and infected pigs. The MIC of tylosin against both 89 and 363 isolates of and strains spread widely, ranging from 1 to 256 μg/mL and from 0.

Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs.

Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such as lipoteichoic acids, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, and surface-layer proteins, offer several advantages.

Assessment of Plasma Tylosin Concentrations: A Comparative Study of Immunoassay, Microbiological Assay, and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.

Employing affordable and uncomplicated sample preparation techniques to recommend the most efficient antibacterial therapy could help reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the suitability of immunoassays and microbiological assays as alternatives for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in determining plasma tylosin concentrations after intramuscular administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg to both healthy and diseased pigs in clinical veterinary practice. The diseased pigs were confirmed using the target genes () and ().

Should Airway Interstitial Fluid Be Used to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Macrolide Antibiotics for Dose Regimen Determination in Respiratory Infection?

Macrolide antibiotics are important drugs to combat infections. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of these drugs are essential for the determination of their optimal dose regimens, which affect antimicrobial pharmacodynamics and treatment success. For most drugs, the measurement of their concentrations in plasma/serum is the surrogate for drug concentrations in target tissues for therapy.

Isolation and Identification of PSC102 and Evaluation of Its Potential Probiotic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties.

We isolated and characterized PSC102 and evaluated its probiotic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. We preliminarily isolated 154 candidates from pig feces and analyzed their Gram nature, morphology, and lactic acid production ability. Based on the results, we selected eight isolates and tested their ability to produce digestive enzymes.

Surrogate Selection for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Disinfectant Efficacy Tests by Simultaneous Comparison of Bacteriophage MS2 and Bovine Enterovirus Type 1.

In South Korea, testing disinfectants against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) that are contagious in livestock or that require special attention with respect to public hygiene can be manipulated only in high-level containment laboratories, which are not easily available. This causes difficulties in the approval procedure for disinfectants, such as a prolonged testing period. Additionally, the required biosafety level (BSL) in the case of FMDV has hindered its extensive studies.

A pharmacodynamic investigation to assess the synergism of orbifloxacin and propyl gallate against .

() infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat, as antibiotic-resistant variants proliferate. Studies on novel methods to combat the spread of resistance and improve the performance of current antibiotics are vital. We aimed to boost the efficacy of the antibiotic orbifloxacin (ORB) against by combining it with a phenolic component, propyl gallate (PG).

In silico investigation of lead compounds against COVID-19 associated platelet activation and thromboembolism.

Hypercoagulability is frequently observed in patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Platelets are a favorable target for effectively treating hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients as platelet hyperactivity has also been observed. It is difficult to develop a treatment for COVID-19 that will be effective against all variants and the use of antivirals may not be fully effective against COVID-19 as activated platelets have been detected in patients with COVID-19.

Microbiota modulation and anti-obesity effects of fermented Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim extract against high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats.

Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim (Korean pear) has been used for hundreds of years as a traditional herbal medicine due to its strong phytochemical profile and pharmacological efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity potential of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim extracts (PUE) and investigated the underlying mechanisms using a combination of in vitro, in vivo, and microbiota regulation approaches. In an adipogenesis assay, the fermented (F)PUE and non-fermented (NF)PUE significantly reduced the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a dose-dependent manner with an IC of 85.

Heat-killed PSC102 Ameliorates Impaired Immunity in Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice.

The immune functions of heat-killed PSC102 (hLR) were investigated in cyclophosphamide (CP)-treated immunosuppressed mice. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, CP group, CP treated with levamisole (positive control group), and CP treated with low- and high-dose hLR. After receiving the samples for 21 days, mice were sacrificed, and different parameters, such as immune organ index, immune blood cells, splenocyte proliferation, lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, were analyzed.

Serum biomarker-based osteoporosis risk prediction and the systemic effects of Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract in a postmenopausal model.

Background: Recent years, a soaring number of marketed Trifolium pratense (red clover) extract products have denoted that a rising number of consumers are turning to natural alternatives to manage postmenopausal symptoms. T. pratense ethanolic extract (TPEE) showed immense potential for their uses in the treatment of menopause complications including osteoporosis and hormone dependent diseases.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats.

Obesity is becoming a global epidemic as a result of high-calorie food intake and unhealthy lifestyles. Different marine plants, especially brown algae (), are traditionally used to treat different health-related issues. The study was carried out to investigate the anti-obesity properties of 70% ethanol extract.