Unhealthy Alcohol Use: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions.

Background: Despite the increase in daily alcohol intake in recent decades and the implementation of national health screenings, effective management strategies for alcohol consumption remain outdated. This review evaluates intervention studies on screening and behavioral counseling for unhealthy alcohol use, with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of interventions and improving health outcomes.

Methods: On the basis of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation)- ADOLOPMENT framework, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials were examined to investigate the effectiveness of screening and counseling interventions in reducing unhealthy alcohol use.

A Pressure-Sensitive, Repositionable Bioadhesive for Instant, Atraumatic Surgical Application on Internal Organs.

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are widely utilized due to their instant and reversible adhesion to various dry substrates. Though offering intuitive and robust attachment of medical devices on skin, currently available clinical pressure-sensitive adhesives do not attach to internal organs, mainly due to the presence of interfacial water on the tissue surface that acts as a barrier to adhesion. In this work, a pressure-sensitive, repositionable bioadhesive (PSB) that adheres to internal organs by synergistically combining the characteristic viscoelastic properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives and the interfacial behavior of hydrogel bioadhesives, is introduced.

Health Information Quality of Online Newspaper Articles in Korea.

Background: The Web is an important source of health information, but the quality of such online information is highly variable. This study evaluates the quality of health articles published on Naver News, Korea's most popular portal, using the Health Information Quality Assessment Tool (HIQUAL).

Methods: We collected 712 health-related articles published on Naver News from May 1 to 7, 2023.

Comparative Effect of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Backgruound: There is still a lack of research on which diabetic drugs are more effective in preventing stroke. Our network metaanalysis aimed to compare cerebrovascular benefits among glucose-lowering treatments.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the ClinicalTrials.

Role of Polyunsaturated Fat in Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Family History of Cardiovascular Disease: Pooled De Novo Results From 15 Observational Studies.

Background: It is unknown whether dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modifies the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with a family history of CVD. We assessed interactions between biomarkers of low PUFA intake and a family history in relation to long-term CVD risk in a large consortium.

Methods: Blood and tissue PUFA data from 40 885 CVD-free adults were assessed.

Fruits and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort.

Background: To determine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the consumption of various fruits.

Methods: The Korean Genome And Epidemiology Study is an ongoing prospective longitudinal cohort study of community dwellers and participants (men and women, aged 40-69 years) recruited from the national health examinee registry of Korea. Their individual consumption habits for 12 different fruit types were recorded using food frequency questionnaires.

Innovative stacked liquid crystal panel for automotive display: driver-oriented privacy and passenger accessibility.

We propose a switchable privacy display with liquid crystals for co-driver displays (CDDs) in vehicles. The display minimizes driver distraction while allowing the co-driver to enjoy infotainment content. By combining electrically controllable birefringence (ECB) and hybrid-aligned nematic (HAN) cells, we control the viewing angle of the display.

Advanced Light: Liquid Crystals-Based Ultra-Broadband Polarization Rotator for Functional Smart Devices.

A novel ultra-broadband polarization rotator with advanced angular adjustability is proposed for functional devices such as displays and smart windows. The new solution offers dynamic control of light polarization across a broad range of wavelengths, encompassing the complete visible spectrum, ultraviolet and near-infrared. Moreover, it boasts a smaller footprint, faster response times, and lower dispersion compared to conventional rotators.

Association of intraabdominal fat with the risk of incident chronic kidney disease according to body mass index among Korean adults.

Background: The association between abdominal visceral adipose tissue and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease according to body mass index in the Asian population, remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of abdominal adiposity stratified by body mass index on the risk of incident chronic kidney disease.

Methods: A cohort study included 11,050 adult participants who underwent health check-ups and re-evaluated the follow-up medical examination at a single university-affiliated healthcare center.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association of Low-Carbohydrate Diet With Mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Importance: Evidence linking low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) to mortality is limited among multiethnic populations.

Objective: To evaluate the association between LCDs and mortality by race and ethnicity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a large, population-based prospective cohort study of adults aged 45 to 84 years recruited from 6 US communities.

A simulation of diffractive liquid crystal smart window for privacy application.

Using a single substrate, we demonstrate a simple two-dimensional (2-D) phase grating cell with an octothorp electrode. Owing to the large spatial phase difference in any direction, the proposed grating cell has a high haze value in the opaque state (76.7%); Moreover, it has the advantages of a one-dimensional (1-D) phase grating cell, such as high fabricability, fast response time, and low operating voltage.

Targeting extracellular matrix glycation to attenuate fibroblast activation.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor microenvironment undergoes constant remodeling that alters its biochemical and mechano-physical properties. Non-enzymatic glycation can induce the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which may cause abnormal ECM turnover with excessively cross-linked collagen fibers. However, the subsequent effects of AGE-mediated matrix remodeling on the characteristics of stromal cells in tumor microenvironments remain unclear.

Behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in abstinent smokers: a rapid review and meta-analysis for the Korea Preventive Service Task Force.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of relapse prevention interventions involving behavioral and pharmacological treatment among abstinent smokers.

Methods: This rapid review was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, KMbase, and KoreaMed to identify studies published until June 20, 2020. The participants were abstinent smokers who quit smoking on their own, due to pregnancy, hospitalization, or by participating in a smoking cessation program.

A Health Information Quality Assessment Tool for Korean Online Newspaper Articles: Development Study.

Background: Concern regarding the reliability and accuracy of the health-related information provided by online newspaper articles has increased. Numerous criteria and items have been proposed and published regarding the quality assessment of online information, but there is no standard quality assessment tool available for online newspapers.

Objective: This study aimed to develop the Health Information Quality Assessment Tool (HIQUAL) for online newspaper articles.

Milk Consumption and Bone Mineral Density in Adults: Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011.

Background: Milk consumption is associated with bone mineral density (BMD), but reports are limited in terms of participant age, sex, and number of study subjects. We investigated the association between milk consumption and BMD in South Korean adults (≥20 years).

Methods: We analyzed men and women aged ≥20 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011.

Calcium Supplements and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.

Background: Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs) have reported controversial findings regarding the associations between calcium supplements on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between them.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the bibliographies of relevant articles for double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs in November, 2020.